【摘要】：煤礦是我國主要能源,科學(xué)的煤礦生產(chǎn)對我國現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展具有重要作用。但是近幾年,我國煤礦事故頻發(fā),人員傷亡和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失都比較慘重。因此,建立科學(xué),可靠,有效的礦井透地通信系統(tǒng)對保障礦工的生命安全和國家財產(chǎn)都具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。由于地層的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)和具有導(dǎo)電性的大地媒質(zhì),電磁波在其中傳輸時存在嚴(yán)重衰減。所以研究電磁波在地層媒質(zhì)信道中的傳輸特性對于建立穩(wěn)健的礦井透地通信系統(tǒng)來講是一個必要條件。而在目前,對電磁波在復(fù)雜地層媒質(zhì)信道傳播特性的研究成果仍然不足。本文針對電磁波在地層媒質(zhì)信道的傳播衰減特性進(jìn)行了深入研究,開展的主要工作及獲得的結(jié)論如下:(1)針對現(xiàn)有構(gòu)建地層分層模型算法的不足,提出了一種基于粒子群-遺傳算法(Particle Swarm Optimization-Genetic Algorithm,PSO-GA)的克里金(Kriging)插值法,利用該方法對變異函數(shù)的參數(shù)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,建立了地層分層媒質(zhì)模型。仿真表明,采用所提出的基于PSO-GA的Kriging插值法建立透地通信地層分層媒質(zhì)模型可獲得更好的尋優(yōu)性能及尋優(yōu)穩(wěn)定性。同時,基于提出的算法,在VC6.0中實(shí)現(xiàn)了地層分層模型剖面圖,利用剖面圖的分層形態(tài),對后續(xù)電磁波穿透地層媒質(zhì)的分析有重要價值。(2)根據(jù)建立的地層分層模型剖面圖知,電磁波透地通信傳播時除了傳播媒質(zhì)本身的復(fù)雜外,地層模型也是不規(guī)則的。因此,本文建立了不規(guī)則地層分層計算模型。通過分析電磁波入射角與不規(guī)則地層分層傾斜角的幾何關(guān)系,推導(dǎo)了電磁波在不規(guī)則地層分層中正向和反向傳播時電場強(qiáng)度和磁場強(qiáng)度的衰減情況。仿真表明,正向傳播與反向傳播電磁波的衰減情況通常是不同的,這不僅與地層分層的不規(guī)則性有關(guān),還與電磁波正向和反向傳播時進(jìn)入地層介質(zhì)的先后次序是不同的有關(guān);而且電場強(qiáng)度的衰減速度一般要大于磁場強(qiáng)度的衰減速度,特別是電磁波剛進(jìn)入到地層的初始階段。(3)針對時間域有限差分法(Finite Difference Time Domain,FDTD)模擬電磁波穿透時存在計算精度和穩(wěn)定性的問題,本文給出了時間域偽譜法(Pseudo-Spectral Time Domain,PSTD)用于提高模擬電磁波傳輸時的計算精度和穩(wěn)定性。闡述了PSTD法的基本原理和適用于有耗媒質(zhì)的吸收邊界條件,進(jìn)而建立了數(shù)值計算媒質(zhì)模型。仿真表明,PSTD法能更精確和更穩(wěn)定地模擬電磁波在有耗媒質(zhì)地層分層模型中的傳播衰減特性;而且,電磁波在地層媒質(zhì)分界面發(fā)生不同程度的透射情況與媒質(zhì)的電性參數(shù)有關(guān),電性參數(shù)越大,衰減越嚴(yán)重,透射量越少。
[Abstract]:Coal mine is the main energy source in our country. Scientific coal mine production plays an important role in the modernization development of our country. But in recent years, coal mine accidents occur frequently, casualties and economic losses are heavy. Therefore, the establishment of a scientific, reliable and effective communication system for mine penetration is of great practical significance to the safety of miners' lives and national property. Because of the complex structure of the stratum and the conductive earth medium, the electromagnetic wave has serious attenuation when it is transmitted. Therefore, it is a necessary condition to study the transmission characteristics of electromagnetic wave in the formation medium channel for the establishment of a robust mine penetrating communication system. But at present, the research results on the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic wave in complex medium channel are still insufficient. In this paper, the propagation and attenuation characteristics of electromagnetic wave in the formation medium channel are deeply studied. The main work and the conclusions are as follows: (1) aiming at the deficiency of the existing algorithms to construct stratum stratification model, A Kriging (Kriging) interpolation method based on particle swarm optimization-genetic algorithm (Particle Swarm Optimization-Genetic Algorithm,PSO-GA) is proposed in this paper. The parameters of the variation function are optimized by using this method, and the layered media model is established. The simulation results show that the proposed Kriging interpolation method based on PSO-GA can obtain better optimization performance and stability for the layered media model of ground-penetrating communication strata. At the same time, based on the proposed algorithm, the stratigraphic layering model profile map is realized in VC6.0, and the layering form of the profile map is used. It is of great value to analyze the transmission of electromagnetic wave through stratum media. (2) according to the section diagram of stratum stratification model established, the transmission of electromagnetic wave through the earth is not only complicated as well as irregular, but also irregular. Therefore, the calculation model of irregular stratum stratification is established in this paper. By analyzing the geometric relationship between electromagnetic wave incident angle and sloping angle of irregular stratum, the attenuation of electric field intensity and magnetic field intensity during forward and backward propagation of electromagnetic wave in irregular stratum is deduced. Simulation results show that the attenuation of forward propagation and backward propagation of electromagnetic wave is usually different, which is related not only to the irregularity of stratum stratification, but also to the order in which electromagnetic wave propagates forward and backward into the formation medium. Moreover, the attenuation velocity of electric field intensity is generally higher than that of magnetic field intensity, especially the electromagnetic wave has just entered the initial stage of formation. (3) for the time domain finite difference method (Finite Difference Time Domain,). In this paper, the time domain pseudospectral method (Pseudo-Spectral Time Domain,PSTD) is used to improve the computational accuracy and stability of electromagnetic wave transmission in FDTD. In this paper, the basic principle of PSTD method and the absorbing boundary conditions suitable for lossy media are described, and then the numerical calculation medium model is established. The simulation results show that the PSTD method can more accurately and stably simulate the propagation and attenuation characteristics of electromagnetic waves in the layered model of depleted media. Moreover, the transmission of electromagnetic wave at the interface of the formation medium is related to the electrical parameters of the medium. The larger the electrical parameter, the more serious the attenuation and the less the transmission.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD65

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