【摘要】：目前,氧化鉛鋅礦資源的高效與經(jīng)濟回收是選礦研究的一大難點,其高效與綜合回收一直面臨著藥劑選擇差、回收率低、精礦品質(zhì)差、礦泥干擾嚴重等技術(shù)難題。因此,如何通過選礦工藝流程的改進及藥劑制度的優(yōu)化,提高氧化鉛鋅礦資源的綜合回收效率是業(yè)界亟待解決的問題亦是本論文的研究重點。本論文以四川會理高氧化率難選氧化鉛鋅礦資源為研究對象,礦石平均鉛品位為6.74%,鉛氧化率為83.24%,鋅品位為8.59%,鋅氧化率為97.91%,并共伴生豐富的鍺等稀貴金屬資源,主要脈石礦物為石英、白云石等硅酸鹽和碳酸鹽礦物等,屬于高氧化率難選氧化鉛鋅礦。論文首先通過工藝礦物學(xué)研究,查明礦石中主要礦物的共伴生關(guān)系及嵌布粒度特征,然后通過多種選礦工藝流程及藥劑制度的對比研究,以尋找適合該難選氧化鉛鋅礦資源高效回收的技術(shù)路線。工藝礦物學(xué)研究結(jié)果表明,該氧化鉛鋅礦主要礦物組成為白鉛礦、方鉛礦、鉛礬、菱鋅礦、石英硅酸鹽類和白云石鈣鎂碳酸鹽類等。鉛物相分析結(jié)果表明,含鉛礦物主要為白鉛礦、方鉛礦、鉛礬和鉛鐵礬,其中方鉛礦和白鉛礦是鉛的主要的載體礦物,分布率分別為16.76%和77.92%。鋅物相分析結(jié)果表明,礦石中氧化鋅礦物的含量為83.78%,硫化鋅礦物的含量為2.09%,鋅鐵尖晶石的含量為13.9%,其中氧化鋅礦物主要以菱鋅礦的形式存在,為鋅回收的主要對象,閃鋅礦則由于含量較低,可綜合回收。由于礦石中有用礦物之間嵌布粒度細,共生關(guān)系復(fù)雜,所以鉛鋅礦物的回收難度較大。浮選試驗研究結(jié)果表明,方鉛礦浮選的最佳工藝條件為:磨礦細度-0.074mm占80%、組合調(diào)整劑六偏磷酸鈉和硅酸鈉用量為300g/t、捕收劑丁基黃藥用量為120g/t;氧化鉛礦物浮選的最佳工藝條件為:組合調(diào)整劑六偏磷酸鈉和硅酸鈉用量為300g/t、硫化鈉用量為1600g/t、戊黃用量為120g/t,在此條件下,可獲得品位和回收率分別為59.83%、67.21%的綜合鉛精礦(硫化鉛精礦+氧化鉛精礦)。氧化鋅礦物浮選的最佳工藝條件為:組合調(diào)整劑六偏磷酸鈉和硅酸鈉用量為150g/t、碳酸鈉用量為1000g/t、硫化鈉用量為9000g/t、粗選捕收劑醋酸十八胺用量為120g/t,在此條件下,可獲品位和回收率分別為49.52%、73.82%的氧化鋅精礦。在以上開路條件試驗的基礎(chǔ)上,進行了閉路流程試驗,通過"兩粗兩精"回收硫化礦物、"兩粗一掃一精"回收氧化鉛礦物以及"兩粗一掃兩精"回收氧化鋅礦物,最終可獲得鉛品位為54.26%、回收率為82.57%的綜合鉛精礦以及鋅品位為47.46%、回收率82.45%的氧化鋅精礦。本論文采用醋酸十八胺作為氧化鋅礦的捕收劑,效果較好,泡沫粘度較低,捕收能力強,藥劑作用較穩(wěn)定,是氧化鋅礦物浮選的高效捕收劑。采用的"優(yōu)先浮選"的工藝流程,工藝簡單,操作靈活,對氧化鉛鋅礦的浮選具有一定的理論指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:At present, the high efficiency and economic recovery of lead-zinc oxide ore resources is a major difficulty in the research of mineral processing. The high efficiency and comprehensive recovery of lead-zinc ore have been faced with the technical problems such as poor selection of reagents, low recovery rate, poor quality of concentrate, serious interference of ore slime and so on. Therefore, how to improve the comprehensive recovery efficiency of lead-zinc oxide ore resources through the improvement of mineral processing process and the optimization of reagent system is also the focus of this paper. The average lead grade, lead oxidation rate, zinc grade and zinc oxidation rate of the ore are 6.74%, 83.24%, 8.59% and 97.91%, respectively. And associated with rich germanium and other rare metal resources, the main gangue minerals are quartz, dolomite and other silicate and carbonate minerals, belong to high oxidation rate refractory lead-zinc oxide ore. First of all, through the study of process mineralogy, the co-concomitant relationship and the characteristics of embedded particle size of the main minerals in the ore are found out, and then the contrast study of various mineral processing processes and pharmaceutical systems is carried out. In order to find suitable for the refractory lead-zinc oxide ore resources high-efficiency recovery technical route. The results of technological mineralogy show that the main mineral compositions of the lead-zinc oxide ore are white lead ore, galena, lead alum, smithsonite, quartz silicates and dolomite calcium magnesium carbonate and so on. The results of lead phase analysis show that the lead-bearing minerals are mainly bauxite, galena, lead alum and lead-iron alum, in which galena and bauxite are the main carrier minerals of lead, and the distribution rates are 16.76% and 77.92%, respectively. The results of zinc phase analysis show that the content of zinc oxide mineral is 83.78%, the content of zinc sulfide mineral is 2.09%, the content of zinc iron spinel is 13.9%, in which zinc oxide mineral is mainly in the form of smithsonite. Zinc sphalerite is the main object of zinc recovery, because of its low content, zinc sphalerite can be comprehensively recovered. It is difficult to recover Pb-Zn minerals because of the fine grain size and complex symbiotic relationship between the available minerals in the ore. The results of flotation test show that the optimum flotation conditions of galena are as follows: grinding fineness-0.074mm is 80%, the dosage of sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium silicate is 300g / t, and the dosage of collector butyl xanthate is 120g / t. The optimum flotation conditions of lead oxide minerals are as follows: the dosage of sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium silicate is 300 g / t, the dosage of sodium sulfide is 1 600 g / t, and the dosage of pentaerin is 120 g / t. The grade and recovery are 59.83% and 67.21% respectively. The optimum flotation conditions of zinc oxide minerals are as follows: the dosage of sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium silicate is 150 g / t, the dosage of sodium carbonate is 1000 g / t, the amount of sodium sulfide is 9 000 g / t, and the amount of crude collector octadecylamine acetate is 120 g / t. Under these conditions, the grade and recovery of zinc oxide concentrate are 49.52% and 73.82%, respectively. On the basis of the above-mentioned open-circuit test, the closed-circuit process test was carried out. The sulphide minerals were recovered by "two coarse and two fine", the lead oxide mineral was recovered by "two crude and one sweep", and the zinc oxide mineral was recovered by "two crude and one sweep". A comprehensive lead concentrate with a lead grade of 54.26%, a recovery rate of 82.57% and a zinc grade of 47.46% and a recovery of 82.45% were obtained. In this paper, octadecylamine acetate is used as collector of zinc oxide ore. It has good effect, low foam viscosity, strong collecting ability and stable action. It is an efficient collector for flotation of zinc oxide minerals. The technological process of "preferential flotation" adopted is simple and flexible, which has certain theoretical guiding significance for flotation of lead-zinc oxide ore.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD952

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