【摘要】：隨著我國煤礦開采強度和深度的不斷增加,由動載誘發(fā)的沖擊礦壓災害也逐漸增加。相似模擬試驗作為重要實驗室研究手段之一,在國內(nèi)外一些研究單位已開展了沖擊動載方面的試驗和探索。但從沖擊動載對圍巖的破壞效應和破壞特點的角度進行研究的較少,且動載大多采用爆破模擬的形式。為此,本文以動靜載荷組合加載相似模擬試驗為主要研究手段,結合理論分析、數(shù)值模擬等方法,對采動動載誘導圍巖變形破壞的特征進行了研究。主要結論如下:基于沖擊礦壓動靜載疊加原理及相似理論,分析了圍巖動、靜載應力條件。依據(jù)相似理論,分析了動靜載的特點及動載的相似性,分析比較了相似比例系數(shù),在MLT系統(tǒng)中對弗洛德比尺因數(shù)中的主要變量量綱進行分析,確定了相似模擬試驗的比尺因數(shù)并對其量綱進行分析驗證。以急傾斜煤層地質(zhì)條件為基礎設計并完成了相似模擬試驗,探究采場圍巖的應力分布特點及采動動載對其變形破壞的影響,并確定了圍巖沖擊破壞加速度、位移臨界值。結果表明:同一水平分層,煤層底板左側應力集中程度最高,且隨著動載強度的增大,圍巖響應特征更加明顯,當模擬能量為3.92×10~5J時發(fā)生沖擊顯現(xiàn)。相同動載強度時,隨著傳播距離的增加,響應特征逐漸減弱,但傳播距離差別不大時應力條件成為了響應大小的決定因素。同時,對采動動載誘導巷道圍巖變形破壞進行了相似模擬試驗研究。結果表明:巷道模型中應力對稱分布,頂?shù)装遄�、右側靜載應力相同,中部應力較低。動載強度增大導致圍巖變形破壞更為嚴重。相同動載時,由于試驗設備動載形式限制,巷道“迎載側”受動載影響最大,加速度、聲發(fā)射事件更為明顯,且模擬能量9.00×10~4J時發(fā)生沖擊破壞,“背載側”響應程度略有衰弱,但總體仍處于較高水平,而處于徑向位置的巷道拱頂受擾動最小。利用FLAC~(2D)數(shù)值模擬軟件進行了對照模擬試驗分析。結果表明:動載傳遞過程中在介質(zhì)中將發(fā)生反射和透射,從而引起煤巖應力變化,動載強度越高,誘發(fā)圍巖變形破壞越嚴重。相同動載強度時,由于圍巖自由空間方向限制,巷道頂?shù)装逶诖怪狈较蛏享憫卣鞲鼮槊黠@,而左右兩幫在水平方向變形破壞更為嚴重,且由于反射作用左側煤壁處變形破壞程度高于內(nèi)部圍巖。巷道“迎載側”區(qū)域受動載影響較大,響應特征較為明顯。數(shù)值模擬分析與相似模擬試驗結果一致,耦合性較好。
[Abstract]:With the increasing intensity and depth of coal mining in China, the impact rock pressure disaster induced by dynamic load also increases gradually. As one of the important laboratory research methods, similar simulation test has been carried out in some domestic and foreign research institutions in the field of impact dynamic load test and exploration. However, there are few studies on the failure effect and characteristics of the surrounding rock by impact dynamic load, and most of the dynamic loads are in the form of blasting simulation. Therefore, in this paper, the characteristics of deformation and failure of surrounding rock induced by mining dynamic load are studied by means of similar simulation test under combined static and static loads, combined with theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and other methods. The main conclusions are as follows: based on the statically static loading superposition principle and similarity theory, the dynamic and static loading stress conditions of surrounding rock are analyzed. According to the similarity theory, the characteristics of dynamic load and the similarity of dynamic load are analyzed and compared. The dimension of main variables in Froude scale factor is analyzed in MLT system. The scale factor of similar simulation test is determined and its dimension is analyzed and verified. Based on the geological conditions of steep inclined coal seam, similar simulation tests are designed and completed. The stress distribution characteristics of surrounding rock of stope and the influence of mining dynamic load on its deformation and failure are discussed, and the acceleration and displacement critical value of surrounding rock shock failure are determined. The results show that the stress concentration on the left side of coal seam floor is the highest with the same horizontal stratification, and with the increase of dynamic load strength, the response characteristics of surrounding rock are more obvious. When the simulated energy is 3.92 脳 10 脳 10 ~ 5 J, the shock appears. At the same dynamic load intensity, the response characteristics gradually weaken with the increase of the propagation distance, but the stress condition becomes the decisive factor of the response size when the propagation distance difference is not small. At the same time, similar simulation tests are carried out to study the deformation and failure of surrounding rock induced by mining dynamic load. The results show that the stress is symmetrically distributed in the tunnel model with the same static stress on the left and right sides of the roof and floor and the lower stress in the middle of the tunnel. The deformation and failure of surrounding rock is more serious due to the increase of dynamic load strength. Under the same dynamic load, due to the limitation of the dynamic load form of the test equipment, the influence of the dynamic load on the "uploading side" of the roadway is the greatest, the acceleration and acoustic emission events are more obvious, and the impact failure occurs when the simulated energy is 9.00 脳 10 脳 10 ~ 4J. The response degree of "back loading side" is a little weak, but it is still at a higher level, while the radial position of tunnel arch is the least disturbed. The FLAC~ (2D) numerical simulation software is used to carry out the comparative simulation test analysis. The results show that the reflection and transmission will occur in the medium during dynamic load transfer, which will cause the change of coal and rock stress. The higher the dynamic load strength, the more serious the deformation and failure of the surrounding rock will be induced. Under the same dynamic load strength, due to the limitation of the free space direction of the surrounding rock, the response characteristics of the roof and floor of the roadway are more obvious in the vertical direction, and the deformation and damage of the left and right sides are more serious in the horizontal direction. The deformation and failure degree of the left coal wall is higher than that of the internal surrounding rock due to reflection. The response characteristics are more obvious in the area of "welcoming side" of roadway under the influence of dynamic load. The numerical simulation analysis is consistent with the similar simulation test results, and the coupling is good.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD324

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