【摘要】：硫精礦主要成分是黃鐵礦,常含有伴生的鉛鋅銅礦物,在我國儲量較大,分布極廣。若能對硫精礦中的鉛、鋅和銅進(jìn)行綜合回收利用將帶來巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,實現(xiàn)資源的二次利用。在有色金屬選礦中,鉛、鋅和銅在硫精礦中多數(shù)以硫化物的形式存在,屬于難處理有色金屬礦石。隨著我國易選冶鉛鋅銅礦石儲量不斷減少,如何高效地從伴生礦石中提取鉛鋅銅礦石,成為當(dāng)今有色金屬工業(yè)面臨的重大難題。本文以湖南某有色金屬公司提供的硫精礦為研究對象,該礦樣中含鉛1.01%、鋅1.15%和銅0.1%,具有較高的回收價值。本文針對礦樣中礦物之間伴生關(guān)系、存在形式、結(jié)構(gòu)特點等,研究了三種工藝:混合浮選、鉛鋅銅浮選分離和鉛鋅銅濕法分離。鉛鋅銅混合浮選試驗表明,浮選的最佳工藝條件是:氫氧化鈉用量300 g/t,SN-9#用量400 g/t,丁基黃藥用量400 g/t,丁銨黑藥用量150 g/t,磨礦細(xì)度為-0.074mm占85%,浮選時間為30 min,礦漿濃度為30%�；旌细∵x試驗在最佳工藝條件下得到精礦的產(chǎn)率17.6%,鉛、鋅和銅的回收率分別達(dá)到了85.3%、82.4%和86.5%,同時鉛、鋅和銅得到高度富集,并且實現(xiàn)了鉛、鋅和銅與硫精礦和脈石有效的分離,為鉛、鋅和銅分離試驗做了準(zhǔn)備工作。鉛鋅銅浮選分離試驗表明,進(jìn)行抑鋅浮鉛銅試驗時,當(dāng)磨礦細(xì)度為-0.045 mm占80%,丁基黃藥用量為40 g/t,浮選時間為8 min時,鋅與鉛銅礦物能有效的分離。但是由于鉛銅礦物之間嵌布關(guān)系緊密、伴生復(fù)雜、單體得不到有效的解離。所以利用浮選不能將鉛鋅銅有效的分離。鉛鋅銅濕法分離試驗表明,預(yù)處理最佳工藝條件是焙燒溫度800℃,焙燒時間4 h,在此條件下燒渣產(chǎn)率穩(wěn)定在61.3%左右;浸出階段最佳工藝條件是硫酸用量50%(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)),浸出時間10 h,攪拌強度600 r/min,液固比3 mL/g,浸出溫度90℃,在此試驗條件下,鋅和銅的浸出率分別為98.6%和97.2%;置換階段最佳工藝條件是反應(yīng)溫度30℃,攪拌強度300 r/min,反應(yīng)時間40 min,nZn/nCu=2.0,在此條件下銅的置換率達(dá)到97.5%。實現(xiàn)了利用濕法對鉛鋅銅混合粗精礦進(jìn)行分離。
[Abstract]:The main component of sulfur concentrate is pyrite, often containing lead, zinc and copper minerals, which is widely distributed in China. If the lead, zinc and copper in sulfur concentrate can be recovered comprehensively, it will bring great economic benefits and realize the secondary utilization of resources. In nonferrous metal dressing, lead, zinc and copper in sulfur concentrate mostly exist in the form of sulphide, and belong to refractory nonferrous metal ore. With the decreasing reserves of lead-zinc copper ore in China, how to efficiently extract lead-zinc copper ore from associated ores has become a major problem facing the nonferrous metal industry. In this paper, the sulfur concentrate provided by a non-ferrous metal company in Hunan Province is taken as the research object. The sample contains 1.01% lead, 1.15% zinc and 0.1% copper, which has high recovery value. In view of the associated relationship, existing form and structural characteristics of minerals in mineral samples, three processes were studied in this paper: mixed flotation, flotation separation of lead, zinc and copper, and wet separation of lead, zinc and copper. The mixed flotation test of lead, zinc and copper shows that the optimum technological conditions for flotation are: sodium hydroxide 300 g / t SN-9# 400 g / t, Ding Ji 400 g / t, butylammonium black 150 g / t. Grinding fineness-0.074mm is 85 and flotation time is 30 min, pulp concentration is 30. In the mixed flotation test, the yield of concentrate was 17.6.The recoveries of lead, zinc and copper reached 85.3% and 86.5%, respectively, while lead, zinc and copper were highly enriched and lead was realized. The effective separation of zinc and copper from sulfur concentrate and gangue is prepared for the separation test of lead, zinc and copper. The flotation separation test of lead, zinc and copper shows that when the grinding fineness is-0.045 mm, the amount of Ding Ji xanthate is 40 g / t, and the flotation time is 8 min, the separation of zinc from lead and copper can be effectively carried out when the grinding fineness is-0.045 mm and the flotation time is 8 min. However, due to the close distribution relationship between lead and copper minerals, the associated complex, monomer can not be effectively dissociated. Therefore, flotation can not effectively separate lead, zinc and copper. The experimental results of wet separation of lead, zinc and copper show that the optimum pretreatment conditions are calcination temperature 800 鈩，

本文編號：2395427