【摘要】：在山區(qū)地表?xiàng)l件下開采容易引起地表坡體移動(dòng)變形及應(yīng)力重分布,誘發(fā)滑坡、崩塌、地表不均勻沉降等一系列不良地質(zhì)災(zāi)害,破壞了生態(tài)環(huán)境,影響甚至威脅著礦區(qū)居民正常的生產(chǎn)生活。采動(dòng)地表滑坡具有復(fù)雜性和多學(xué)科交叉的特點(diǎn),涉及具體采礦條件及地質(zhì)地形條件綜合分析、坡體穩(wěn)定性主要影響因素、覆巖移動(dòng)變形及應(yīng)力應(yīng)變關(guān)系、坡體穩(wěn)定性預(yù)測(cè)、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)措施科學(xué)合理等一系列問題。本文在分析井田地形地貌、地質(zhì)構(gòu)造、礦井生產(chǎn)技術(shù)條件基礎(chǔ)上,應(yīng)用理論分析與計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算,確定了邊坡安全系數(shù),并提出了科學(xué)安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)合理的防災(zāi)減災(zāi)措施。主要研究結(jié)果如下:在分析地質(zhì)采礦條件的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建了山區(qū)地表下的FLAC~(3D)數(shù)值模型,模擬計(jì)算分析了C25和C19煤層開采結(jié)束后,地表移動(dòng)變形破壞情況,結(jié)果表明地表最大下沉值為2.15m,最大水平移動(dòng)值為0.9m,覆巖裂縫帶發(fā)育高度約為120m,開采影響范圍內(nèi)的居民住宅損害均達(dá)到IV級(jí)破壞程度;應(yīng)用極限平衡理論分析了1號(hào)、2號(hào)坡體開采前后邊坡穩(wěn)定性,開采后坡體由穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)演變?yōu)榉欠�(wěn)定狀態(tài),結(jié)合數(shù)值模擬分析結(jié)果,對(duì)比開采前后坡體穩(wěn)定性參數(shù)變化,給出了采動(dòng)影響下理論計(jì)算參數(shù)的確定方法,構(gòu)建了適用于采動(dòng)影響下的邊坡穩(wěn)定理論計(jì)算模型;應(yīng)用構(gòu)建的邊坡穩(wěn)定性計(jì)算模型和FLAC~(3D)數(shù)值模擬并結(jié)合經(jīng)濟(jì)分析,對(duì)比二采區(qū)全部開采和1號(hào)邊坡集中居住區(qū)留設(shè)安全保護(hù)煤柱開采兩種開采方法,確定了局部留煤柱保護(hù)開采方法,同時(shí)結(jié)合地面防護(hù)提出地表災(zāi)害防治對(duì)策。
[Abstract]:Mining in the mountain area will easily cause the movement deformation and stress redistribution of the surface slope, induce a series of bad geological disasters, such as landslide, collapse, uneven subsidence of the surface, and destroy the ecological environment. Affect even threaten the normal production and life of mining residents. The mining surface landslide has the characteristics of complexity and multi-disciplinary intersection, which involves the comprehensive analysis of specific mining conditions and geological and topographic conditions, the main influencing factors of slope stability, the relation of overlying rock movement and deformation and stress and strain, and the prediction of slope stability. Measures for disaster prevention and mitigation are scientific and reasonable. Based on the analysis of mine topography, geological structure and technical conditions of mine production, the safety factor of slope is determined by applying theoretical analysis and computer numerical simulation, and scientific, safe, economical and reasonable disaster prevention and mitigation measures are put forward in this paper. The main results are as follows: based on the analysis of the geological and mining conditions, the FLAC~ (3D) numerical model under the mountain surface is constructed, and the surface movement deformation and failure after the coal mining of C25 and C19 are simulated and analyzed. The results show that the maximum subsidence value is 2.15m, the maximum horizontal movement value is 0.9m, the development height of the overburden fracture zone is about 120m, and the damage to residential buildings in the area affected by mining reaches the level of IV damage. The slope stability of slope No. 1 and No. 2 before and after mining is analyzed by using the limit equilibrium theory, and the slope body evolves from stable state to non-stable state after mining. Combined with the results of numerical simulation, the stability parameters of slope body are compared before and after mining. The method of determining the theoretical calculation parameters under the influence of mining is given, and the theoretical calculation model of slope stability under the influence of mining is constructed. Based on the established slope stability calculation model and FLAC~ (3D) numerical simulation combined with economic analysis, this paper compares two mining methods: all mining in the second mining area and coal pillar mining with safety protection in the centralized residential area of slope No. 1. The mining method of partial retaining coal pillar protection is determined, and the countermeasures of surface disaster prevention are put forward in combination with surface protection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD325

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