【摘要】：本文旨在研究一種低成本、高可靠性、易觀測(cè)、無(wú)需電源、適合大規(guī)模安裝使用的錨桿軸向力監(jiān)測(cè)裝置。由于錨桿對(duì)圍巖起到組合、加固和聯(lián)接的作用,因此它能加強(qiáng)圍巖的自身強(qiáng)度和自我穩(wěn)定的能力,節(jié)約了支護(hù)成本,確保了工程穩(wěn)定與施工安全,具有顯著的社會(huì)效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。因此，巖土工程錨桿錨固技術(shù)被各國(guó)大力發(fā)展。然而隨著時(shí)間推移圍巖的穩(wěn)定性受圍巖強(qiáng)度的弱化和圍巖應(yīng)力的變化的影響而降低，進(jìn)而造成巖體對(duì)錨桿的作用力增加。如果巖體對(duì)錨桿作用力超過(guò)錨桿的強(qiáng)度極限，則會(huì)造成錨桿錨固失效，進(jìn)而引起巷道有塌方的危險(xiǎn)。為了避免工程事故發(fā)生，必須提高錨桿支護(hù)的安全性，對(duì)錨桿軸向力進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)。因此，錨桿軸向力監(jiān)測(cè)裝置的研究將具有意義深遠(yuǎn)的科研價(jià)值和實(shí)用價(jià)值。 然而傳統(tǒng)的監(jiān)測(cè)裝置仍存在需要電源、防水、防爆、可靠性不高、不易觀測(cè)、安全管理復(fù)雜、制造成本高等缺點(diǎn),并且有些設(shè)備需要專門人員、只能進(jìn)行點(diǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)或者小區(qū)域的監(jiān)測(cè)而不能很好實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)整個(gè)錨固工程進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期有效的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)。因此，急需一種低成本、高可靠性、易觀測(cè)、無(wú)需電源、適合大規(guī)模安裝使用的錨桿軸向力監(jiān)測(cè)裝置。 本文根據(jù)目前監(jiān)測(cè)裝置的不足，提出一種新型的監(jiān)測(cè)裝置。首先確定監(jiān)測(cè)方案，確定該監(jiān)測(cè)裝置由顯示裝置與彈性結(jié)構(gòu)組成。通過(guò)顯示裝置將彈性結(jié)構(gòu)受壓時(shí)產(chǎn)生的毫米級(jí)變形量轉(zhuǎn)化為不同的圖案，通過(guò)觀察顯示裝置的不同圖案來(lái)判斷錨桿的軸向力。然后確定顯示裝置，考慮到巷道下漆黑的特殊工況，用頭燈照射反光條紋圖案時(shí)就顯得格外醒目。因此本文決定采用反光條紋作為顯示裝置顯示的圖案，并根據(jù)需要監(jiān)測(cè)的錨桿三種軸向力的載荷，闡述顯示裝置的工作原理。其次確定彈性結(jié)構(gòu)，為滿足監(jiān)測(cè)裝置的要求，需要一種制造維護(hù)成本低、適合大規(guī)模安裝使用、能承受12~18t的載荷、所占空間體積不大，且不發(fā)生塑性變形的彈性結(jié)構(gòu)，經(jīng)分析該結(jié)構(gòu)主要有碟簧和環(huán)形彈簧。本文以碟簧和環(huán)形彈簧作為參考彈性結(jié)構(gòu)，用Ansys Workbench對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析、設(shè)計(jì)與優(yōu)化，讓其空間體積更合理、最大應(yīng)力更低、軸向變形量更大以達(dá)到監(jiān)測(cè)裝置的要求。最終得到直徑在100mm、高度在80mm內(nèi)，軸向變形量不小于3.4mm的彈性結(jié)構(gòu)及相應(yīng)的顯示裝置參數(shù)。將彈性結(jié)構(gòu)與顯示裝置組裝，經(jīng)測(cè)試，該監(jiān)測(cè)裝置滿足監(jiān)測(cè)需求。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to study a low cost, high reliability, easy to observe, no power supply, suitable for large-scale installation of anchor axial force monitoring device. Because the bolt plays the role of combination, reinforcement and connection to the surrounding rock, it can strengthen the strength and the ability of self-stabilization of the surrounding rock, save the support cost, and ensure the engineering stability and construction safety. It has remarkable social and economic benefits. Therefore, the Anchorage technology of geotechnical engineering has been vigorously developed in various countries. However, the stability of the surrounding rock decreases with time due to the weakening of the strength of the surrounding rock and the change of the stress of the surrounding rock, which leads to the increase of the force of the rock mass on the anchor rod. If the rock mass force on the bolt exceeds the strength limit of the bolt, it will result in the failure of the anchor bolt, which will lead to the danger of collapse in the roadway. In order to avoid engineering accidents, the safety of bolt support must be improved and the axial force of bolt must be monitored. Therefore, the research of anchor axial force monitoring device will have profound scientific research value and practical value. However, traditional monitoring devices still need power, waterproof, explosion-proof, low reliability, not easy to observe, complex safety management, high manufacturing costs, and some equipment needs specialized personnel. Only point monitoring or small area monitoring can not achieve a long-term and effective real-time monitoring of the whole anchoring project. Therefore, a low cost, high reliability, easy to observe, no power supply, suitable for large-scale installation of anchor axial force monitoring device is urgently needed. In this paper, a new type of monitoring device is proposed according to the deficiency of current monitoring device. First, the monitoring scheme is determined, and the monitoring device is composed of a display device and an elastic structure. The millimeter deformation produced by elastic structure under compression is transformed into different patterns by the display device, and the axial force of the bolt is judged by observing the different patterns of the display device. Then, the display device is determined, considering the special working condition under the tunnel, the headlight illuminates the reflective stripe pattern. Therefore, this paper decides to use the reflective stripe as the display pattern, and expounds the working principle of the display device according to the load of three kinds of axial forces of the anchor rod which needs to be monitored. Secondly, the elastic structure is determined. In order to meet the requirements of the monitoring device, it is necessary to have an elastic structure with low manufacturing and maintenance cost, suitable for large-scale installation and use, capable of withstanding a load of 12 ~ 18 tons, occupying a small volume of space and without plastic deformation. It is analyzed that there are disc spring and ring spring in this structure. In this paper, the disc spring and annular spring are used as reference elastic structures, which are analyzed, designed and optimized by Ansys Workbench, so that the space volume is more reasonable, the maximum stress is lower, and the axial deformation is larger to meet the requirements of the monitoring device. Finally, the elastic structure with a diameter of 100mm and a height in 80mm with an axial deformation of not less than 3.4mm and the corresponding parameters of the display device are obtained. The elastic structure and display device are assembled and tested, the monitoring device meets the monitoring requirements.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD353.6

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