發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-12 13:47

【摘要】：綜采工作面堅(jiān)硬頂板突然大面積垮落帶來(lái)的極大沖擊力對(duì)支架和人員造成很大危害，嚴(yán)重威脅著煤礦的生產(chǎn)安全依托陽(yáng)泉煤業(yè)有限公司國(guó)陽(yáng)煤礦K8205綜放工作面，基于現(xiàn)有的爆炸斷裂和損傷理論，重點(diǎn)開(kāi)展了堅(jiān)硬頂板深孔預(yù)裂爆破成縫機(jī)理和堅(jiān)硬頂板斷裂理論研究，探尋在爆炸應(yīng)力波和爆生氣體下作用下裂隙的擴(kuò)展長(zhǎng)度以及堅(jiān)硬頂板的初次垮落步距和周期垮落步距，并通過(guò)數(shù)值模擬，比較炸藥在V型刻槽爆破斷裂模型切縫藥包爆破斷裂模型和不耦合裝藥爆破模型爆炸時(shí)炮孔壁壓力變化，對(duì)切縫藥包不耦合系數(shù)和切縫寬度經(jīng)行了模擬，驗(yàn)證爆破設(shè)計(jì)中炮孔間距的準(zhǔn)確性最終把現(xiàn)場(chǎng)收集到的監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)行分析，說(shuō)明了爆破方案設(shè)計(jì)的有效性，本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及結(jié)論如下： （1）明確地闡明了頂板深孔預(yù)裂爆破成縫的機(jī)理用爆炸應(yīng)力波和爆生氣體共同作用解釋了爆破裂隙形成機(jī)理，揭露了問(wèn)題的本質(zhì) （2）通過(guò)對(duì)堅(jiān)硬頂板的巖板與巖梁力學(xué)模型分析,得到了堅(jiān)硬頂板巖板模型和巖梁模型的初次垮落步距和周期垮落步距的計(jì)算公式 （3）根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際情況選取建模參數(shù)，分別建立了V型刻槽爆破斷裂模型切縫藥包爆破斷裂模型和不耦合裝藥爆破模型三種不同模型對(duì)比三種不同模型下炮孔壁壓力發(fā)現(xiàn)，切縫藥包定向斷裂爆破與V型刻槽爆破相比爆破效果要好；對(duì)切縫藥包不耦合系數(shù)和切縫寬度經(jīng)行了模擬分析可得，當(dāng)PVC管的厚度以及其它參數(shù)確定時(shí)，取徑向不耦合系數(shù)為2.81，切縫寬度取6mm時(shí)，運(yùn)用切縫藥包爆破效果最好 （4）當(dāng)炮孔直徑為75mm不耦合系數(shù)為1.25炮孔間距為5.5m時(shí)，對(duì)雙炮孔爆破模型進(jìn)行模擬分析根據(jù)不同時(shí)刻的應(yīng)力云圖和各個(gè)測(cè)點(diǎn)應(yīng)力隨時(shí)間的變化曲線可知，在兩炮孔中間2.75m處，最大拉應(yīng)力大于頂板巖石的抗拉強(qiáng)度，這說(shuō)明兩爆破孔間完全溝通,裂隙發(fā)育充分，，從而證明了本次爆破設(shè)計(jì)炮孔間距選取5.5m是合理正確的 （5）結(jié)合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際情況確定合理的爆破參數(shù)以及相關(guān)的安全技術(shù)措施，同時(shí)根據(jù)工作面液壓支架阻力變化情況分析爆破放頂效果
[Abstract]:The great impact force brought by the sudden collapse of hard roof in fully-mechanized coal mining face causes great harm to the support and personnel, which seriously threatens the production safety of coal mine and relies on the fully mechanized caving face K8205 of Guoyang Coal Mine of Yangquan Coal Industry Co., Ltd. Based on the existing explosion fracture and damage theory, the mechanism of crack formation and the fracture theory of hard roof by pre-splitting blasting with deep hole of hard roof are studied. The length of crack propagation under the action of explosive stress wave and explosion gas, the initial and periodic collapse steps of hard roof are explored, and the numerical simulation is carried out. In this paper, the pressure variation of blasting hole wall in V-shaped notched blasting fracture model and uncoupled charge blasting model is compared, and the uncoupling coefficient and width of cutting seam are simulated. Finally, the accuracy of blasting hole spacing in blasting design is verified by analyzing the monitoring data collected on the spot, which shows the effectiveness of blasting scheme design. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the mechanism of crack formation by pre-splitting blasting with deep roof holes is clarified. The mechanism of fracture formation is explained by the interaction of explosion stress wave and explosive gas. The nature of the problem (2) through the analysis of rock slab and rock beam mechanical model of hard roof, The formulas for calculating the initial and periodic collapse steps of the hard roof slate model and the rock beam model are obtained. (3) the modeling parameters are selected according to the actual situation in the field. In this paper, the fracture model of V-shaped notched blasting is established, and the fracture model of jointed charge package blasting and the model of uncoupled charge blasting are established respectively, and three different models are compared to find the hole wall pressure under three different models. Compared with V-shaped groove blasting, the blasting effect of the directional fracture blasting in the cutting seam charge is better than that in the V-shaped groove blasting. The uncoupling coefficient and width of cutting seam are simulated and analyzed. When the thickness of PVC tube and other parameters are determined, the radial uncoupling coefficient is 2.81, and the width of cut seam is 6mm. When the diameter of the hole is 75mm, the uncoupling coefficient is 1. 25 and the interval between the holes is 5. 5 m. According to the stress cloud diagram at different times and the curve of stress variation with time at each measuring point, the maximum tensile stress is greater than the tensile strength of roof rock at 2.75 m between the two holes. This shows that the two blasting holes are completely communicated and the cracks are well developed. It is proved that it is reasonable and correct to select 5.5 m interval between the blasting holes in the blasting design. (5) the reasonable blasting parameters and the relevant safety measures are determined in combination with the actual situation in the field. At the same time, according to the change of hydraulic support resistance in working face, the effect of blasting caving is analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD235.4

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