【摘要】：大傾角煤層開采,在工作面頂板巖層中形成結(jié)構(gòu),工作面礦壓顯現(xiàn)是頂板結(jié)構(gòu)失穩(wěn)的外在表現(xiàn)。大傾角煤層走向長壁綜放工作面頂板結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的空間結(jié)構(gòu),其結(jié)構(gòu)特征及穩(wěn)定性分析一直以來都是大傾角煤層走向長壁綜放開采的一大難題。因此,研究大傾角煤層走向長壁綜放工作面頂板結(jié)構(gòu)特征,對(duì)完善大傾角煤層開采理論和巖層控制理論具有重要意義,對(duì)大傾角煤層走向長壁綜放工作面支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、礦山壓力控制、安全高效開采等工程實(shí)踐具有指導(dǎo)作用。本文采用現(xiàn)場調(diào)研、數(shù)值模擬、物理相似模擬、理論分析和現(xiàn)場實(shí)測相結(jié)合的研究方法,對(duì)大傾角煤層走向長壁綜放工作面頂板斷裂特征、傾向砌體結(jié)構(gòu)特征和覆巖承載拱結(jié)構(gòu)特征進(jìn)行了研究。研究表明:(1)大傾角煤層走向長壁綜放工作面基本頂初次斷裂裂隙形態(tài)為“X—O”型。雖然最終斷裂形態(tài)與緩傾斜煤層的“O—X”型斷裂形態(tài)相似,但由于巖層重力沿層面方向的分力較大,導(dǎo)致其斷裂裂隙的產(chǎn)生及發(fā)展過程與緩傾斜煤層不同。工作面基本頂初次斷裂后,沿采空區(qū)端基本頂?shù)囊苿?dòng)空間和受力狀態(tài)與初次斷裂之前不同,導(dǎo)致大傾角煤層走向長壁綜放工作面基本頂周期斷裂裂隙形態(tài)為“C—X”型。(2)大傾角煤層走向長壁綜放工作面基本頂斷裂成巖塊后,沿工作面傾向易于形成砌體結(jié)構(gòu)。傾向砌體結(jié)構(gòu)承擔(dān)了一部分基本頂巖層自重,減小了基本頂巖層對(duì)支架傳遞力的作用;傾向砌體結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性將直接影響工作面支架的受力狀態(tài)。傾向砌體結(jié)構(gòu)可能發(fā)生的失穩(wěn)形式為滑落失穩(wěn)和擠壓變形失穩(wěn);最容易發(fā)生失穩(wěn)的部位為工作面中上部�，F(xiàn)場應(yīng)采取加強(qiáng)對(duì)工作面中上部支架工作狀態(tài)的監(jiān)測以及提高支架支護(hù)強(qiáng)度,防止工作面中上部傾向砌體結(jié)構(gòu)失穩(wěn)。(3)大傾角煤層走向長壁綜放工作面基本頂上覆巖層中形成承載拱結(jié)構(gòu)。承載拱結(jié)構(gòu)位于砌體結(jié)構(gòu)的上部巖層中,沿工作面走向?yàn)閷?duì)稱平拱,沿工作面傾向?yàn)榉菍?duì)稱斜拱。走向承載拱結(jié)構(gòu)容易發(fā)生沿拱腳處的剪切破壞,傾向承載拱結(jié)構(gòu)容易發(fā)生軸向壓縮破壞。走向承載拱結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)整個(gè)工作面基本頂上覆巖層起控制作用,傾向承載拱結(jié)構(gòu)失穩(wěn)是由于走向承載拱結(jié)構(gòu)的失穩(wěn)而導(dǎo)致的。承載拱結(jié)構(gòu)具有承擔(dān)上覆巖層自重的能力,并對(duì)其下方工作面頂板及支架起保護(hù)作用,阻止了基本頂上覆巖層對(duì)其下方砌體結(jié)構(gòu)和支架傳遞力的作用;當(dāng)承載拱結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生失穩(wěn)時(shí),將會(huì)給其下方砌體結(jié)構(gòu)傳遞力的作用,并導(dǎo)致傾向砌體結(jié)構(gòu)失穩(wěn),產(chǎn)生工作面來壓現(xiàn)象。論文研究結(jié)果與棗泉煤礦120210綜放工作面現(xiàn)場實(shí)測相吻合,為該礦后續(xù)工作面及回采巷道布置方式、回采工藝選擇、設(shè)備配置提供依據(jù),對(duì)該礦安全高效生產(chǎn)有著重要的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:In the mining of large inclined coal seam, the structure is formed in the roof strata of the working face, and the appearance of mine pressure in the working face is the external manifestation of the instability of the roof structure. The roof structure of longwall fully mechanized caving face with large inclined seam is a complicated spatial structure, and its structural characteristics and stability analysis have always been a difficult problem in longwall fully mechanized caving mining. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the roof structure characteristics of longwall fully mechanized caving face with high inclined coal seam strike, which is of great significance to improve the mining theory and rock layer control theory, and to design the supporting structure of longwall fully mechanized caving face with high inclination seam strike. Mine pressure control, safe and efficient mining and other engineering practices have a guiding role. In this paper, based on field investigation, numerical simulation, physical similarity simulation, theoretical analysis and field measurement, the characteristics of roof fracture in longwall fully mechanized caving face with large inclined seam are studied. The characteristics of inclined masonry structure and overburden arch structure are studied. The results show that: (1) the primary fracture form of the top of the longwall fully mechanized caving face is "X-O" type. Although the final fracture form is similar to that of "O-X" type fracture of gently inclined coal seam, the formation and development process of fracture fissure is different from that of gently inclined coal seam due to the great force of gravity along the plane. After the first fracture of the basic top of the face, the moving space and the stress state along the end of the goaf are different from those before the initial fracture. As a result, the fracture form of long wall longwall fully mechanized caving face with large inclined seam is "C-X" type. (2) masonry structure is easy to be formed along the face after the basic roof fracture of longwall fully mechanized caving face with large inclined coal seam is formed. The inclined masonry structure bears part of the weight of the basic roof strata and reduces the effect of the basic top rock layer on the transfer force of the support; the stability of the inclined masonry structure will directly affect the bearing state of the support in the working face. The possible instability forms of inclined masonry structure are sliding instability and extrusion deformation instability, and the most vulnerable part is the middle and upper face. In the field, we should strengthen the monitoring of the working state of the upper and middle supports in the working face and improve the support strength. The upper and middle face inclined masonry structure is not stable. (3) the bearing arch structure is formed in the top overlying strata of the longwall fully mechanized caving face. The bearing arch structure is located in the upper rock layer of the masonry structure. The shear failure along the arch foot is easy to occur in the strike bearing arch structure, and the axial compression failure is easy to occur in the inclined bearing arch structure. The strike bearing arch structure controls the overlying strata on the basic roof of the whole working face, and the instability of the inclined bearing arch structure is caused by the instability of the strike bearing arch structure. The load-bearing arch structure has the ability to bear the weight of overburden strata, and plays a protective role on the roof and support of the working face below it, which prevents the basic roof overburden from acting on the masonry structure and the support transfer force under it. When the bearing arch structure is unstable, it will give the transfer force to the masonry structure below it, and will lead to the instability of the masonry structure, which will lead to the phenomenon of pressure coming from the working face. The results of this paper are in agreement with the field measurements of the 120210 fully mechanized caving face in Zaoquan Coal Mine, which provides the basis for the layout of the subsequent working face and the roadway, the selection of the stoping technology and the configuration of the equipment. It has important guiding significance for safe and efficient production of the mine.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD353

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