【摘要】：本文以國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金“三下”急傾斜煤層充填長(zhǎng)壁綜采巖層控制及地表沉陷規(guī)律研究項(xiàng)目、湖南省研究生創(chuàng)新基金周期性讓壓大變形錨桿設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)驗(yàn)研究項(xiàng)目為依托,通過(guò)分析錨桿失效形式及機(jī)理總結(jié)出普通錨桿在深部巷道支護(hù)中的問(wèn)題,提出兩種新型結(jié)構(gòu),通過(guò)理論和試驗(yàn)對(duì)比得出可延伸吸能錨桿為較優(yōu)結(jié)構(gòu),對(duì)可延伸吸能錨桿進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)優(yōu)化,最終對(duì)優(yōu)化后的可延伸吸能錨桿進(jìn)行了力學(xué)特性試驗(yàn)得到了較理想的結(jié)果。介紹了傳統(tǒng)錨桿支護(hù)理論和圍巖松動(dòng)圈支護(hù)理論,然后對(duì)錨桿支護(hù)失效主要形式、錨桿受載力學(xué)行為和錨桿破斷失效機(jī)理進(jìn)行了分析。分析得出,深部巷道錨桿支護(hù)的主要失效形式為破斷失效;錨桿發(fā)生破斷失效的原因有外載作用和自身力學(xué)屬性兩個(gè)因素,錨桿強(qiáng)度決定了其為限制圍巖變形所能提供的應(yīng)力補(bǔ)償,其延伸量決定了支護(hù)期間的讓壓量。通過(guò)對(duì)錨桿破斷失效機(jī)理的分析得出,普通的錨桿已經(jīng)不能適應(yīng)深部圍巖的應(yīng)力環(huán)境和變形趨勢(shì),不能滿足現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的工程要求。提出了大變形周期性讓壓錨桿和可延伸吸能錨桿兩種新型讓壓錨桿,并分別分析了錨桿的結(jié)構(gòu)、工作機(jī)理、讓壓結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)原理,對(duì)錨桿的讓壓結(jié)構(gòu)試件進(jìn)行了力學(xué)特性對(duì)比試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)可知:兩種錨桿均具有讓壓的力學(xué)特性;可延伸吸能錨桿在拉拔過(guò)程中可以保持基本恒定阻力;大變形周期性讓壓錨桿在拉拔過(guò)程中第一讓壓周期阻力較大,但后期基本失去工作阻力,落差較大,工作性能不穩(wěn)定。通過(guò)對(duì)比最終確定可延伸吸能錨桿的吸能結(jié)構(gòu)為較優(yōu)結(jié)構(gòu)。對(duì)可延伸吸能錨桿的吸能套筒進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)度校核,得到了吸能套筒的壁厚的優(yōu)化范圍。對(duì)可延伸吸能錨桿的阻力塞進(jìn)行了力學(xué)分析,得到了阻力塞迎壓傾角的優(yōu)化范圍。對(duì)優(yōu)化范圍內(nèi)吸能結(jié)構(gòu)試件進(jìn)行了力學(xué)性能試驗(yàn)。綜合得出,在錨桿桿體直徑D一定的情況下,吸能套筒壁厚?下限值與阻力塞厚度呈反比例關(guān)系。在阻力塞厚度一定時(shí),吸能套筒壁厚?下限值與錨桿直徑D之間呈正比例關(guān)系。分析了吸能套筒不同截面形式的力學(xué)特點(diǎn),根據(jù)截面形式加工了制備套筒的沖壓模具,利用模具對(duì)無(wú)縫管進(jìn)行了冷壓,確定了不同截面形式的冷壓方案,并研制出了吸能套筒。加工了完整的可延伸吸能錨桿,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了靜力拉拔試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了該錨桿具備讓壓、吸能的力學(xué)特性,且表現(xiàn)出較為穩(wěn)定的力學(xué)性能。
[Abstract]:This paper is based on the research project of the "Sanxia" National Natural Science Foundation of China on the control of long wall fully mechanized mining strata and the law of surface subsidence, and the project of design and experimental research on the design and experiment of the rock bolt with large deformation caused by the periodical deformation of Hunan graduate student innovation fund. By analyzing the failure form and mechanism of bolt, the problems of common bolt in deep roadway support are summarized. Two new types of structure are put forward. Through theoretical and experimental comparison, it is concluded that the extensible energy-absorbing bolt is a better structure. The structural parameters of the extensible energy absorbing anchor are optimized, and the experimental results of the mechanical properties of the optimized extensible energy absorbing anchor are obtained. This paper introduces the traditional bolting theory and the surrounding rock loose ring support theory, and then analyzes the main failure forms of the bolt support, the mechanical behavior of the bolt under load and the failure mechanism of the bolt breaking. It is concluded that the main failure form of bolt support in deep roadway is broken failure, the causes of bolt breaking failure are external loading and mechanical properties. The strength of bolt determines the stress compensation it can provide to limit the deformation of surrounding rock, and its extension determines the amount of concession during the support period. Through the analysis of the failure mechanism of the bolt, it is concluded that the common bolt can no longer adapt to the stress environment and deformation trend of the deep surrounding rock, and can not meet the engineering requirements of the site. In this paper, two new types of pressure release anchors with large deformation, periodic release anchors and extensible energy-absorbing anchors are put forward, and the structure, working mechanism, mechanics principle of compressing structure are analyzed, respectively. In this paper, the mechanical properties of the bearing structure specimen of anchor rod are tested by comparing the mechanical properties of the specimen. The experimental results show that both kinds of anchors have the mechanical properties of letting pressure; the extensible energy-absorbing anchors can maintain the basic constant resistance in the process of drawing; But after the basic loss of working resistance, large drop, work performance instability. Finally, the energy absorption structure of the extensible energy absorbing anchor rod is determined to be the optimal structure by comparison. The strength of the energy absorbing sleeve of the extensible energy absorbing anchor is checked, and the optimum range of the wall thickness of the energy absorbing sleeve is obtained. The mechanical analysis of the drag plug of the extensible energy absorbing anchor is carried out, and the optimum range of the inclination angle of the resistance plug is obtained. The mechanical properties of the energy absorption structure in the optimum range were tested. It is concluded that the wall thickness of the energy absorption sleeve can be obtained when the diameter of the bolt body D is constant. The lower limit is inversely proportional to the thickness of the resistance plug. When the thickness of the resistance plug is constant, the wall thickness of the energy absorption sleeve? The lower limit is proportional to the diameter D of anchor rod. The mechanical characteristics of different cross sections of energy absorption sleeve are analyzed. According to the form of section, the punching die for making sleeve is processed, the seamless tube is cold pressed by the die, the cold pressing scheme of different cross section is determined, and the energy absorption sleeve is developed. The complete extensible energy absorbing anchor rod was manufactured and the static pull-out test was carried out. The test results show that the anchor rod has the mechanical properties of allowing pressure and absorbing energy and shows relatively stable mechanical properties.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD350.4

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