鞍本古陸塊圖像識(shí)別方法研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-21 09:23
【摘要】：古陸塊不僅可以用來指示地殼演化歷史,而且與鈾多金屬成礦關(guān)系密切,識(shí)別古陸塊的研究具有重要的理論和實(shí)際意義。目前對(duì)古陸塊特征及識(shí)別方法的研究仍限于從地質(zhì)角度展開,例如巖石地球化學(xué)、同位素年代學(xué)等方面,還沒有開展地學(xué)綜合特征和識(shí)別技術(shù)方法研究。華北陸塊是我國最大的古老陸塊,其北部邊緣包含有許多相對(duì)較小的塊體。鞍本古陸塊是華北陸塊地殼演化較早,成熟度較高的地區(qū),3800Ma就有了原始古陸的記錄。該地區(qū)除發(fā)現(xiàn)了我國著名的鞍山式鐵礦和有色金屬礦床外,還產(chǎn)出了我國最古老的3075鈾礦床。本文以鞍本古陸塊的遼東地區(qū)為例,嘗試?yán)玫厍蛭锢砗瓦b感等多源信息來刻畫古陸塊的特征,通過引入分形幾何、變差函數(shù)等概念,探討古陸塊的遙感—地球物理識(shí)別流程和技術(shù)方法,為古陸塊的識(shí)別提供新思路。本文首先通過資料的調(diào)研,分析總結(jié)古陸塊的地質(zhì)特征,在此基礎(chǔ)上先利用地球物理信息研究古老變質(zhì)巖的磁性特征、中酸性巖漿巖的重力特征和鉀質(zhì)花崗巖的放射性特征;然后利用遙感圖像信息研究區(qū)分古老變質(zhì)巖和基性巖體、變質(zhì)巖與沉積巖、酸性噴出巖與侵入巖以及不同時(shí)代巖體的識(shí)別技術(shù)和方法;最后利用地理信息系統(tǒng)空間分析方法圈定既具有古老深變質(zhì)巖類,又具有古老鉀質(zhì)花崗巖體分布的區(qū)域作為古老地塊。本文取得的主要研究成果如下:(1)通過對(duì)鞍本地區(qū)57種主要巖石的磁化率分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)太古界變質(zhì)巖的磁化率平均值為27871.5×10-6,明顯大于下元古界平均值1614.27×10-6,更顯著高于其它時(shí)代的沉積變質(zhì)巖,但低于基性火山巖。在此基礎(chǔ)上,利用磁異常來識(shí)別和圈定太古界變質(zhì)巖和基性火山巖分布范圍。(2)通過區(qū)內(nèi)巖石密度參數(shù)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)區(qū)內(nèi)花崗巖類的密度為2.56 g/cm3~2.59g/cm3,處于全部巖石的低值區(qū),并利用重力異常來識(shí)別和圈定中酸性侵入巖體范圍。(3)鉀質(zhì)花崗巖體的放射性特征明顯,與其它地層巖性相比,鉀質(zhì)花崗巖體的鉀含量較高,且鈾釷比值較低。(4)與區(qū)內(nèi)各地質(zhì)單元對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn),酸性巖漿巖(侵入巖和噴出巖)的鈾、釷、鉀含量較高,因此可以利用航空放射性數(shù)據(jù),通過選取合適閾值提取酸性巖漿巖。(5)酸性侵入巖(花崗巖)和噴出巖(流紋巖)遙感圖像不僅目視特征不同,多重分形譜也存在差異,侵入巖的多重分形譜比噴出巖具有更好的對(duì)稱性和更小的多重分形譜展布區(qū)間。(6)不同時(shí)代花崗巖體由于形成時(shí)間、經(jīng)歷活動(dòng)期次等差異,造成其紋理復(fù)雜程度和發(fā)育特征不同,時(shí)代較老的花崗巖比新花崗巖具有更寬的多重分形譜展布區(qū)間。(7)變質(zhì)巖類由于其遙感圖像獨(dú)有的櫛狀、梳狀水系,明顯區(qū)別于沉積巖與巖漿巖的目視特征,而且在變差分析中表現(xiàn)為更小的長(zhǎng)、短軸變程。(8)根據(jù)古陸塊的地質(zhì)含義和本文得到的遙感地球物理特征,初步建立了古陸塊的識(shí)別流程,并用于鞍本古陸核的識(shí)別,同時(shí)探討分析了古陸塊與鈾成礦的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:The ancient land block not only can be used to indicate the history of crustal evolution, but also closely related to uranium polymetallic mineralization, and it is of great theoretical and practical significance to identify the study of ancient land masses. At present, the research on the characteristics and identification methods of ancient land blocks is still limited to the development of geological angle, such as rock geochemistry, isotope geochemical exploration, etc. North China land block is the largest ancient land block in China, its northern edge contains many relatively small blocks. The ancient land block of saddle is a region with early crustal evolution and higher maturity in North China, and 3800Ma has the record of primitive ancient land. In addition to the discovery of the famous iron ore and non-ferrous metal deposit in our country, this area also produces the oldest 3075 coal mine in our country. In this paper, we attempt to describe the characteristics of ancient land blocks by using multi-source information such as geophysical and remote sensing as an example. By introducing the concepts of fractal geometry, variation function and so on, this paper discusses the process and technique of remote sensing and geophysical recognition of ancient land blocks. and provides a new idea for the identification of the ancient land block. Based on the investigation of data, this paper summarizes the geological characteristics of ancient land blocks, and then uses the geophysical information to study the magnetic characteristics of the old metamorphic rocks, the gravity characteristics of the acidic magmatic rocks and the radioactive characteristics of the potassium granite. Then using the remote sensing image information to study the identification techniques and methods for distinguishing the old metamorphic rock and the basic metamorphic rock, the metamorphic rock and the sedimentary rock, the acidic jet rock and the intrusive rocks as well as the different times rock mass, and finally using the spatial analysis method of the geographical information system to delineate the ancient deep metamorphic rocks. and also has the area of the distribution of the ancient potassium granite body as an ancient parcel. The main results obtained in this paper are as follows: (1) By analyzing the magnetic susceptibility of 57 main rocks in saddle region, it is found that the average magnetic susceptibility of the metamorphic rocks in the Taigu boundary is 27871. 5 Mt. 10-6, which is significantly higher than that of the sedimentary metamorphic rocks of the other times. but lower than that of volcanic rocks. On this basis, magnetic anomalies are used to identify and delineate the distribution range of metamorphic rocks and volcanic rocks in Taigu. (2) Through the analysis of rock density parameters in the region, it is found that the density of granite in the region is 2.56g/ cm3 ~ 2.59g/ cm3, which is in the low value area of all rocks, and uses gravity anomaly to identify and delineate the range of acid intrusive rock mass. (3) The radioactive characteristic of the potassium granite body is obvious, and the potassium content of the potassium granite body is high compared with other formation lithology, and the uranium content ratio is lower. (4) Compared with the geological units in the region, it has been found that the uranium, potassium and potassium contents of acidic magmatic rocks (intrusive rocks and ejected rocks) are high, so that the aviation radioactivity data can be used to extract the acidic magmatic rocks by selecting appropriate thresholds. (5) The remote sensing images of acidic intrusive rocks (granite) and ejected rock (rhyolite) not only have different visual characteristics, but also differ in multiple fractal spectra. The multiple fractal spectra of intrusive rocks have better symmetry and smaller multiple fractal spectrum distribution intervals than those of sprayed rock. (6) In different times, the granite bodies have different texture complexity and development characteristics due to the formation time and the active time, and the older granite has a wider multi-fractal spectrum distribution interval than the new granite. (7) Metamorphic rocks are distinguished from the visual characteristics of sedimentary rocks and magmatic rocks because of their unique topography and comb-like water system. (8) According to the geological meaning of the ancient land block and the remote sensing geophysical characteristics obtained in this paper, the identification process of the ancient land block was preliminarily established, and the relationship between the ancient land block and uranium mineralization was also discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：核工業(yè)北京地質(zhì)研究院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P619.14;P627
本文編號(hào)：2284683
[Abstract]:The ancient land block not only can be used to indicate the history of crustal evolution, but also closely related to uranium polymetallic mineralization, and it is of great theoretical and practical significance to identify the study of ancient land masses. At present, the research on the characteristics and identification methods of ancient land blocks is still limited to the development of geological angle, such as rock geochemistry, isotope geochemical exploration, etc. North China land block is the largest ancient land block in China, its northern edge contains many relatively small blocks. The ancient land block of saddle is a region with early crustal evolution and higher maturity in North China, and 3800Ma has the record of primitive ancient land. In addition to the discovery of the famous iron ore and non-ferrous metal deposit in our country, this area also produces the oldest 3075 coal mine in our country. In this paper, we attempt to describe the characteristics of ancient land blocks by using multi-source information such as geophysical and remote sensing as an example. By introducing the concepts of fractal geometry, variation function and so on, this paper discusses the process and technique of remote sensing and geophysical recognition of ancient land blocks. and provides a new idea for the identification of the ancient land block. Based on the investigation of data, this paper summarizes the geological characteristics of ancient land blocks, and then uses the geophysical information to study the magnetic characteristics of the old metamorphic rocks, the gravity characteristics of the acidic magmatic rocks and the radioactive characteristics of the potassium granite. Then using the remote sensing image information to study the identification techniques and methods for distinguishing the old metamorphic rock and the basic metamorphic rock, the metamorphic rock and the sedimentary rock, the acidic jet rock and the intrusive rocks as well as the different times rock mass, and finally using the spatial analysis method of the geographical information system to delineate the ancient deep metamorphic rocks. and also has the area of the distribution of the ancient potassium granite body as an ancient parcel. The main results obtained in this paper are as follows: (1) By analyzing the magnetic susceptibility of 57 main rocks in saddle region, it is found that the average magnetic susceptibility of the metamorphic rocks in the Taigu boundary is 27871. 5 Mt. 10-6, which is significantly higher than that of the sedimentary metamorphic rocks of the other times. but lower than that of volcanic rocks. On this basis, magnetic anomalies are used to identify and delineate the distribution range of metamorphic rocks and volcanic rocks in Taigu. (2) Through the analysis of rock density parameters in the region, it is found that the density of granite in the region is 2.56g/ cm3 ~ 2.59g/ cm3, which is in the low value area of all rocks, and uses gravity anomaly to identify and delineate the range of acid intrusive rock mass. (3) The radioactive characteristic of the potassium granite body is obvious, and the potassium content of the potassium granite body is high compared with other formation lithology, and the uranium content ratio is lower. (4) Compared with the geological units in the region, it has been found that the uranium, potassium and potassium contents of acidic magmatic rocks (intrusive rocks and ejected rocks) are high, so that the aviation radioactivity data can be used to extract the acidic magmatic rocks by selecting appropriate thresholds. (5) The remote sensing images of acidic intrusive rocks (granite) and ejected rock (rhyolite) not only have different visual characteristics, but also differ in multiple fractal spectra. The multiple fractal spectra of intrusive rocks have better symmetry and smaller multiple fractal spectrum distribution intervals than those of sprayed rock. (6) In different times, the granite bodies have different texture complexity and development characteristics due to the formation time and the active time, and the older granite has a wider multi-fractal spectrum distribution interval than the new granite. (7) Metamorphic rocks are distinguished from the visual characteristics of sedimentary rocks and magmatic rocks because of their unique topography and comb-like water system. (8) According to the geological meaning of the ancient land block and the remote sensing geophysical characteristics obtained in this paper, the identification process of the ancient land block was preliminarily established, and the relationship between the ancient land block and uranium mineralization was also discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：核工業(yè)北京地質(zhì)研究院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P619.14;P627
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