【摘要】：采煤塌陷山丘區(qū)耕地?fù)p毀十分嚴(yán)重,探究影響梯田穩(wěn)定性的主要因素以及田坎內(nèi)部的破壞模式對抗塌陷梯田的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)至關(guān)重要。為此,本文選擇山西省晉城市澤州縣王虎山村西南部、車郭莊村東部共計(jì)37.43 hm2耕地作為典型塌陷示范區(qū),在剖析影響梯田穩(wěn)定性因素的前提下,引入FLAC3D有限差分?jǐn)?shù)值模擬軟件,設(shè)計(jì)抗塌陷梯田的斷面尺寸,揭示梯田土體內(nèi)部的破壞機(jī)制,并依靠ArcGIS平臺對典型示范區(qū)進(jìn)行抗塌陷梯田的綜合整治規(guī)劃。通過研究得到以下結(jié)論:(1)綜合單因素敏感性分析、多因素正交試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)可以發(fā)現(xiàn),土壤重度、粘聚力、內(nèi)摩擦角、側(cè)坡、坎高對梯田的穩(wěn)定性均表現(xiàn)出極高的顯著水平,顯著性從強(qiáng)到弱依次為:粘聚力、重度、側(cè)坡、坎高和內(nèi)摩擦角。其中,粘聚力、內(nèi)摩擦角與梯田的穩(wěn)定性呈正相關(guān),而重度、側(cè)坡、坎高則與其存在負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。(2)FLAC3D能客觀預(yù)測潛在滑動面的位置和形狀,降低了傳統(tǒng)安全系數(shù)求解過程中的主觀性,準(zhǔn)確評估梯田穩(wěn)定性的同時(shí),還能模擬田坎土體內(nèi)部的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變關(guān)系,科學(xué)解釋采煤塌陷山丘區(qū)梯田的破壞模式。(3)提出了適合研究區(qū)的抗塌陷梯田斷面尺寸:當(dāng)?shù)匦纹露葹?°時(shí),側(cè)坡坡度取75°,設(shè)計(jì)田坎高度為1.8 m;地形坡度為10°時(shí),規(guī)劃田坎坡度為72°,設(shè)計(jì)坎高2.2 m;地形坡度為15°時(shí),田坎側(cè)坡為70°,設(shè)計(jì)田坎高度2.7 m,當(dāng)?shù)匦纹露冗_(dá)到20°時(shí),規(guī)劃田坎坡度65°,設(shè)計(jì)坎高3.0 m。抗塌陷設(shè)計(jì)后,安全系數(shù)均滿足一級邊坡的要求,提高了梯田的穩(wěn)定性。(4)田坎穩(wěn)定性數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果表明,田坎受拉應(yīng)力和壓應(yīng)力的共同作用,壓應(yīng)力分布非常廣泛,拉應(yīng)力則集中在田坎頂部,與塑性區(qū)分布特征相呼應(yīng),共同反映出梯田整體以壓剪破壞模式為主,拉裂破壞僅存在淺層田面。(5)最大剪切應(yīng)變增量反應(yīng)田坎潛在滑動面的位置,最大剪切應(yīng)變增量帶形狀表明田坎的潛在滑動面為圓弧形,滑動面位置從坡腳貫穿至坡頂,坡腳處的最大剪切應(yīng)變增量值最大,常發(fā)育為潛在滑動體的剪出口。(6)利用ArcGIS平臺,結(jié)合FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬的斷面尺寸,能更加科學(xué)、合理的進(jìn)行采煤塌陷山丘區(qū)梯田的綜合整治規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)。
[Abstract]:The damage of cultivated land in mining collapse is very serious. It is very important to explore the main factors that affect the stability of terrace and the failure mode inside the field to counteract the planning and design of collapsing terrace. Therefore, in this paper, a total of 37.43 hm2 cultivated land in the southwest of Wanghu Mountain Village, Zezhou County, Jincheng City, Shanxi Province, and the eastern part of Cheguozhuang Village are selected as typical collapse demonstration areas. On the premise of analyzing the factors affecting the stability of terraces, FLAC3D finite difference numerical simulation software is introduced. The section size of anti-collapse terrace was designed to reveal the internal failure mechanism of terrace soil, and the comprehensive regulation planning of anti-collapse terrace was carried out by ArcGIS platform. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) according to the single factor sensitivity analysis and the multi-factor orthogonal design, it can be found that the soil gravity, cohesion, internal friction angle, side slope and canyon have a very high significant level on the stability of terrace. The order of significance from strong to weak is cohesion, heavy, side slope, canyon and angle of internal friction. Among them, cohesion and internal friction angle are positively correlated with the stability of terrace, but there is a negative correlation among heavy, lateral slope and canyon. (2) FLAC3D can objectively predict the position and shape of potential slip surface. It can reduce the subjectivity in the traditional safety factor solution process and accurately evaluate the terrace stability, at the same time, it can also simulate the stress-strain relationship in the soil. The failure mode of terrace in mountain and hill area of coal mining collapse is scientifically explained. (3) the section size of anti-collapse terrace is put forward: when the slope of terrain is 5 擄, the slope of side slope is 75 擄, the height of design ridge is 1.8 m, and the slope of terrain is 10 擄. The slope of the planning ridge is 72 擄and the design height is 2.2 m, and when the slope is 15 擄, the slope is 70 擄and the height of the designed ridge is 2.7 m. When the slope reaches 20 擄, the slope of the planning ridge is 65 擄and the design height is 3.0 m. After the collapse resistance design, the safety factor meets the requirements of the first-grade slope and improves the stability of the terrace. (4) the numerical simulation results of the stability of the terrace show that the pressure stress distribution is very extensive due to the joint action of the tensile stress and the compressive stress. The tensile stress is concentrated on the top of the ridge, echoing the distribution of plastic zone, which reflects that the terrace is dominated by compression and shear failure mode, and the tensile fracture exists only on the shallow surface. (5) the maximum shear strain increment reflects the location of the potential slip surface of the terrace. The shape of the maximum shear strain increment zone indicates that the potential slip surface of the field bar is circular, the position of the slip surface is from the foot of the slope to the top of the slope, the maximum shear strain increment at the foot of the slope is the largest, and it is often developed as the shear outlet of the potential sliding body. (6) using the ArcGIS platform, Combined with the section size of FLAC3D numerical simulation, it is more scientific and reasonable to plan and design the comprehensive regulation of the terrace in the mountain and hilly area of coal mining collapse.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD327

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