【摘要】：我國煤炭生產和消費量占一次能源生產和消費總量的70%左右,并且煤炭絕對消費量仍在逐年增加。煤矸石的堆存量與年排放量約占我國工礦業(yè)固體廢棄物的四分之一,大量堆積的煤矸石占用土地、污染環(huán)境、破壞生態(tài),甚至有可能發(fā)生自燃的危險,對矸石山堆積地造成了不可恢復的后果。因此采取合理的措施最大限度減少煤矸石堆對周圍環(huán)境的破壞與污染,對煤炭工業(yè)可持續(xù)健康發(fā)展具有十分重要的意義。成莊煤礦產出的3#和15#兩層煤矸石存在混堆現(xiàn)象,占用大量土地,破壞環(huán)境,造成矸石山自燃災害的發(fā)生。本文針對3#和15#煤矸石的混堆現(xiàn)象,利用煤矸石程序升溫實驗與煤矸石熱重差熱實驗,分別考察煤矸石各個氧化過程氧化產物的生成與自身隨溫度的變化規(guī)律,結合現(xiàn)場不同煤層煤矸石的堆放實驗,獲得煤矸石氧化自燃變化規(guī)律,從而初步給出合理的堆放參數(shù)以及煤矸石自燃檢測臨界溫度值及氣體指標,通過數(shù)值模擬軟件的模擬結果,確定最優(yōu)堆放參數(shù)。(1)從30℃到230℃的過程中,矸石產生的H2濃度出現(xiàn)了先增后減得一個階段,氫氣作為煤矸石自燃過程的一種指標性氣體較難把握,應采取以CO氣體為主,H2氣體為輔的聯(lián)合預測預報體系。(2)對不同種類的煤矸石而言,其自燃的臨界溫度也不盡相同。通過綜合分析程序升溫和熱重實驗的實驗數(shù)據(jù),認為15#煤矸石的自燃特性強于3#煤矸石自燃特性,15#煤矸石自燃臨界溫度較低。(3)現(xiàn)場實地將煤矸石積成設計的高為3m的4個圓臺(錐)體和1個階梯狀,通過監(jiān)測矸石堆的溫度和氣相產物,同時兼顧煤矸石堆放效果和礦上經(jīng)濟效益,確定以梯田形堆放為基礎,每層煤矸石堆放以矸石層(壓實)和粘土(黃土)層以比例為10:1進行分層堆積,有利于防止煤矸石堆的氧化自燃,堆積方式較為合理。(4)應用ABAQUS有限元數(shù)值模擬軟件通過設定不同模擬參數(shù),對不同矸土比堆積的矸石堆進行數(shù)值模擬,研究確定煤矸石采取矸土比為15:1堆放方式可以節(jié)省大量物力和財力,縮短堆放工程時間,因此,煤矸石采取矸土比為15:1的梯形堆放方式,單層矸石厚度5m為基準,堆積角度為35°,進行分層堆積更為合理。
[Abstract]:China's coal production and consumption account for about 70% of the total primary energy production and consumption, and the absolute coal consumption is still increasing year by year. The amount and annual discharge of coal gangue is about 1/4 of the solid waste of industrial and mining industry in China. A large amount of coal gangue occupies the land, pollutes the environment, destroys the ecology, and may even occur the danger of spontaneous combustion. On the gangue mountain accumulation caused irreparable consequences. Therefore, it is of great significance for the sustainable and healthy development of coal industry to take reasonable measures to minimize the damage and pollution of coal gangue heap to the surrounding environment. The coal gangue produced in Chengzhuang coal mine has mixed pile phenomenon, which occupies a lot of land, destroys the environment and results in the spontaneous combustion disaster of gangue mountain. In this paper, according to the mixing phenomenon of coal gangue and coal gangue, the formation of oxidation products of coal gangue and its own variation law with temperature are investigated by using coal gangue programmed heating test and coal gangue thermogravimetric differential thermal experiment. Combined with the stacking experiment of coal gangue in different coal seams, the variation law of coal gangue oxidation spontaneous combustion was obtained, and the reasonable stacking parameters, critical temperature value and gas index of coal gangue spontaneous combustion detection were preliminarily given. Through the simulation results of numerical simulation software, the optimal stacking parameters are determined. (1) during the process from 30 鈩，

本文編號：2242954