【摘要】：掘進機是煤礦機械化掘進的主要設(shè)備,但現(xiàn)有的掘進機單純依靠截齒截割,當截割堅硬煤巖時,截割力不足,且截割過程伴隨有粉塵和火花產(chǎn)生,不利于安全生產(chǎn)。為了解決上述問題,一些學者提出了高壓水射流輔助截割的想法,研究證明這一技術(shù)能輔助截齒破碎硬巖、減少粉塵、消除火花,具有良好的市場應(yīng)用前景。但目前關(guān)于高壓水射流輔助截割的研究主要集中在單齒與射流的配置方式上,未與具體機械的使用背景緊密結(jié)合,限制了這一技術(shù)的應(yīng)用推廣。本文將高壓水射流技術(shù)應(yīng)用到掘進機上,以掘進機的使用工況為依據(jù),以高壓水射流有效輔助截齒截割為核心,對高壓水射流掘進機截割部進行系統(tǒng)設(shè)計,并在設(shè)計的基礎(chǔ)上對截割部的動力學特性開展理論、仿真和實驗研究。以設(shè)計方法學和功能思想為基礎(chǔ),確定了高壓水射流掘進機截割部的結(jié)構(gòu)形式,對截割部的關(guān)鍵部件進行了詳細設(shè)計。對截割頭上噴嘴數(shù)量和位置進行了理論研究,研究表明當水壓達到40MPa時,截割頭上可布置8~13個噴嘴,且應(yīng)優(yōu)先布置在截割頭上球面以及球面與錐面的過渡位置。采用多目標優(yōu)化方法,以體積最小、傳動效率最高為目標,選取Matlab中的fgoalattain函數(shù)求解,優(yōu)化了行星減速器中主要零件的參數(shù)取值。對截割部受載特性進行理論研究,引入高壓水射流輔助系數(shù)sk定義了單齒載荷公式,進而得到了高壓水射流截割頭的三向力和扭矩計算公式。以第二類拉格朗日方程為基礎(chǔ),對截割部的升降動作、回轉(zhuǎn)動作、鉆進動作、扭轉(zhuǎn)動作分別建立動力學模型,并進行理論分析,得到了方程組在簡諧激勵下的響應(yīng)函數(shù),為進一步研究外部隨機載荷激勵提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。進行了空載和恒扭矩工況下的截割部動力學仿真,驗證了動力學模型的正確性。進行無水射流輔助工況下的變載荷動力學仿真,得出了截割頭振動主要受外載荷影響,減速器主要受內(nèi)部傳動影響,連接架主要受電機轉(zhuǎn)動影響的結(jié)論。進行有水射流輔助工況下的變載荷動力學仿真,結(jié)果表明水射流輔助能夠較好地改善截割部的振動情況。進行了旋轉(zhuǎn)密封的泄漏和溫升實驗,得出O型圈壽命為5.7小時、格來圈和彈簧儲能圈壽命均超過8小時、穩(wěn)定工作時溫度分別為24℃,23℃和20℃的結(jié)論。進行了高壓水射流輔助單齒截割實驗,結(jié)果表明:高壓水射流輔助破巖存在門限壓力,約為巖石抗壓強度的2~3倍;前置式水射流輔助效果優(yōu)于后置式,但后置式水射流破碎截槽效果好;所提出的前后射流聯(lián)合破巖方式輔助截割效果明顯。在實驗基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)受力減少率擬合了高壓水射流輔助系數(shù)sk在不同工況下的取值曲線圖。進行了高壓水射流輔助截割頭實驗,得到了截割頭在無水射流輔助和有水射流輔助兩種工況下的振動信號,結(jié)果表明在有水射流輔助工況下振動信號幅值的最大值、均值和標準差均小于無水射流輔助工況,說明高壓水射流在減少截割頭振動中起到了積極的作用。
[Abstract]:The roadheader is the main equipment of coal mine mechanized tunneling, but the existing roadheader only relies on the pick cutting, when cutting hard coal and rock, the cutting force is insufficient, and the cutting process is accompanied by dust and sparks, which is not conducive to safe production. This technology can help pick to break hard rock, reduce dust and eliminate sparks, and has a good market application prospect. However, the current research on high-pressure water jet assisted cutting mainly focuses on the configuration of single tooth and jet, which is not closely combined with the specific mechanical background, limiting the application and popularization of this technology. The water jet technology is applied to the roadheader. Based on the working condition of the roadheader and with the high pressure water jet as the core, the cutting part of the high pressure water jet roadheader is designed systematically. On the basis of the design, the dynamic characteristics of the cutting part are studied theoretically, simulated and experimentally. Based on the idea, the structure of cutting part of high pressure water jet roadheader is determined, and the key parts of cutting part are designed in detail. The number and position of nozzles on cutting head are studied theoretically. The results show that when the water pressure reaches 40 MPa, 8-13 nozzles can be arranged on cutting head, and the spherical surface on cutting head and the position of nozzles should be given priority. The transition position between sphere and cone surface is optimized by using multi-objective optimization method, and the fgoalattain function in MATLAB is selected to solve the problem of minimum volume and maximum transmission efficiency. The parameters of main parts in planetary reducer are optimized. The loading characteristics of cutting part are studied theoretically, and the single tooth load is defined by introducing high pressure water jet auxiliary coefficient sk. Based on the Lagrange equation of the second kind, the dynamic models of the lifting, rotating, drilling and torsion of the cutting part are established respectively, and the response functions of the equations under harmonic excitation are obtained. The dynamic simulation of the cutting part under no-load and constant torque conditions is carried out to verify the correctness of the dynamic model. The dynamic simulation of the cutting part under variable load under the condition of no-water jet is carried out, and the results show that the vibration of the cutting head is mainly affected by the external load and the reducer is mainly affected by the internal drive. The results show that the vibration of the cutting part can be improved by water jet assistant. Leakage and temperature rise experiments of the rotary seal are carried out. The life of O-ring is 5.7 hours, and the life of grille and spring energy storage ring is equal. The results show that there exists a threshold pressure, which is about 2-3 times the compressive strength of rock, and the assistant effect of pre-jet is better than that of post-jet, but the effect of post-jet is better than that of post-jet. On the basis of the experiment, the curve of the auxiliary coefficient sk of high-pressure water jet under different working conditions is fitted according to the force reduction rate. The experiment of high-pressure water jet assisted cutting head is carried out, and the two kinds of cutting head are obtained. The results show that the maximum amplitude, mean and standard deviation of the vibration signal in the condition of water jet assisted operation are smaller than those in the case of anhydrous jet assisted operation, indicating that high pressure water jet plays an active role in reducing the vibration of cutting head.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD421.5

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