【摘要】：隨著我國西部大開發(fā)的快速發(fā)展,近期西部大批開采弱膠結(jié)地層煤炭資源礦井陸續(xù)建成投產(chǎn),弱膠結(jié)地層天然的稟賦條件決定了其物理力學(xué)性能與中東部巖層有明顯的差異,開采實踐表明弱膠結(jié)地層大采高工作面礦壓活動規(guī)律與中東部大采高工作面礦壓活動規(guī)律也有一定的差異。因?qū)θ跄z結(jié)地層性能和工作面礦壓活動規(guī)律認識不清,導(dǎo)致弱膠結(jié)地層大采高工作面開采時常發(fā)生大面積冒頂、臺階下沉、潰水潰沙、支架壓死等事故。因此,弱膠結(jié)地層大采高工作面覆巖運動、三帶分布、支架選型等礦壓問題亟需解決。本文以紅慶河煤礦弱膠結(jié)地層大采高工作面開采為工程背景,通過實驗室實驗、數(shù)值模擬、相似材料模擬、理論分析及現(xiàn)場實測等方法,研究了弱膠結(jié)巖石物理力學(xué)性能及其與中東部巖石的差異性,統(tǒng)計了弱膠結(jié)煤系地層地域分布;分析了弱膠結(jié)巖石受開采擾動在采空區(qū)破碎、冒落、充填、崩解、壓實、固結(jié)的變形規(guī)律;構(gòu)建了弱膠結(jié)地層大采高工作面覆巖結(jié)構(gòu)演化模型,揭示了弱膠結(jié)地層大采高工作面冒落帶分布特征及其與裂隙帶協(xié)同演化規(guī)律;研究了圍巖-支架之間的作用機理,給出了弱膠結(jié)地層大采高工作面支架工作阻力計算方法。取得主要研究成果包括:(1)弱膠結(jié)巖石具有強度低、膠結(jié)性差、遇水泥化、易崩解等特性,我國新疆、神東、蒙東、寧東、陜北等煤礦區(qū)具有弱膠結(jié)地層開采條件,基于弱膠結(jié)巖石的力學(xué)參數(shù)、物理參數(shù)、成巖年代等因素,對西部典型礦區(qū)弱膠結(jié)巖石進行了變異性評價。(2)針對弱膠結(jié)巖石與中東部巖石碎脹性、崩解性的差異,通過碎脹實驗和崩解實驗,研究了弱膠結(jié)巖石的初始碎脹性、殘余碎脹性特征及其耐崩解特征,揭示了弱膠結(jié)巖石強碎脹、易崩解的特性。(3)針對西部弱膠結(jié)巖石物理力學(xué)性能與中東部巖石的差異性,通過實驗和理論分析,研究了開采擾動作用下弱膠結(jié)巖石變形、破壞、冒落、崩解、壓實、固結(jié)等特征,分析了弱膠結(jié)巖石破碎-冒落-充填-崩解-再破碎-壓實-固結(jié)的變形規(guī)律,揭示了弱膠結(jié)地層冒落充填體的變形演化機理。(4)以紅慶河煤礦3-1煤首采面為工程背景,通過相似材料模擬、數(shù)值模擬及理論分析,研究了弱膠結(jié)地層大采高工作面覆巖運動規(guī)律及應(yīng)力場分布規(guī)律,獲得了覆巖由下至上層層遞進的冒落特征,揭示了覆巖裂隙萌生-發(fā)展-貫通的巖層破壞機理。(5)根據(jù)弱膠結(jié)地層的物理力學(xué)性能和充填體變形機制,通過相似材料模擬和理論分析,研究了弱膠結(jié)地層大采高工作面覆巖變形、運動規(guī)律,建立了弱膠結(jié)地層大采高工作面覆巖裂隙演化模型,研究了三類頂板結(jié)構(gòu)下大采高工作面冒落帶分布特征,獲得了弱膠結(jié)地層大采高工作面冒落帶分布規(guī)律,揭示了冒落帶與裂隙帶協(xié)同演化機制。(6)根據(jù)弱膠結(jié)地層大采高工作面"三帶"分布特征和演化規(guī)律,研究了弱膠結(jié)地層大采高工作面礦壓活動規(guī)律,分析了支架-圍巖之間相互作用機理,給出了弱膠結(jié)地層大采高支架工作阻力計算方法,現(xiàn)場實測數(shù)據(jù)初步驗證該方法的合理性和實用性。論文初步探索了弱膠結(jié)巖石的物理力學(xué)性能、弱膠結(jié)地層大采高工作面覆巖結(jié)構(gòu)演化規(guī)律及三帶分布規(guī)律,但受西部礦區(qū)地域遼闊及復(fù)雜地質(zhì)條件的影響,下一步還需要針對一個礦區(qū)內(nèi)弱膠結(jié)巖石的物理力學(xué)性能進行深入研究,并開展大量的現(xiàn)場礦壓觀測,進一步揭示西部弱膠結(jié)地層大采高工作面礦壓活動規(guī)律。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of Western China, a large number of coal mines exploiting weak cemented strata have been built and put into operation in recent years. The natural endowment conditions of weak cemented strata determine that their physical and mechanical properties are obviously different from those of the middle and Eastern strata. Mining practice shows that the law of ground pressure activity in high mining face with weak cemented strata and the middle level. There are also some differences in the law of ground pressure activity in the large mining height face in eastern China. Because of the unclear understanding of the performance of weak cemented strata and the law of ground pressure activity in the working face, large area roof caving, bench subsidence, water bursting and sand bursting often occur in the large mining height face in weak cemented strata. Rock movement, three-zone distribution, support selection and other rock pressure problems need to be solved urgently. Based on the mining of high mining face in weak cemented strata in Hongqinghe Coal Mine, this paper studies the physical and mechanical properties of weak cemented rock and its relationship with rocks in the middle and eastern part of China through laboratory experiments, numerical simulation, simulation of similar materials, theoretical analysis and field measurement. The regional distribution of weak cemented coal measure strata is statistically analyzed; the deformation law of weak cemented rock broken, caving, filling, disintegration, compaction and consolidation in goaf under mining disturbance is analyzed; the evolution model of overlying rock structure in large mining height face in weak cemented strata is constructed, and the distribution characteristics of caving zone in large mining height face in weak cemented strata are revealed. The main research results are as follows: (1) Weak cemented rock has the characteristics of low strength, poor cementation, cement, easy disintegration, Xinjiang, Shendong, Mengdong, Ningdong, Shaanxi, etc. Based on the mechanical parameters, physical parameters and diagenetic age of weak cemented rocks, the variability of weak cemented rocks in typical mining areas in Western China is evaluated. (2) According to the difference of fragmentation and disintegration between weak cemented rocks and those in eastern and central China, the fragmentation and disintegration experiments are carried out to study the fragmentation and disintegration of weak cemented rocks. The characteristics of initial dilatancy, residual dilatancy and anti-disintegration of cemented rocks reveal the characteristics of strong dilatancy and easy disintegration of weakly cemented rocks. (3) Aiming at the differences of physical and mechanical properties between the weakly cemented rocks in the West and the rocks in the middle and eastern parts of China, the deformation, failure and caving of weakly cemented rocks under mining disturbance are studied experimentally and theoretically. The deformation law of fragmentation-caving-filling-disintegration-re-fragmentation-compaction-consolidation of weakly cemented rock is analyzed, and the deformation evolution mechanism of caving-filling body in weakly cemented strata is revealed. (4) Based on the engineering background of No. 3-1 coal face in Hongqinghe Coal Mine, the similar material simulation, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis are carried out to study the deformation mechanism of caving-filling body in weakly cemented strata. The movement law and stress field distribution law of overlying rock in large mining height face of weak cemented stratum are obtained, and the progressive caving characteristics of overlying rock from bottom to upper stratum are obtained. The failure mechanism of overlying rock fracture initiation-development-penetration is revealed. (5) According to the physical and mechanical properties of weak cemented stratum and the deformation mechanism of filling body, the similar material simulation and theory are adopted. This paper analyzes and studies the deformation and movement law of overlying strata in large mining height working face with weak cemented strata, establishes the evolution model of overlying strata fracture in large mining height working face with weak cemented strata, studies the distribution characteristics of caving zone in large mining height working face with three types of roof structure, obtains the distribution law of caving zone in large mining height working face with weak cemented strata, and reveals the caving zone and caving zone. (6) According to the distribution characteristics and evolution law of "three zones" in large mining height face of weak cemented stratum, the law of ground pressure activity in large mining height face of weak cemented stratum is studied, the mechanism of interaction between support and surrounding rock is analyzed, the calculation method of working resistance of large mining height support in weak cemented stratum is given, and the field measured data are preliminary. The rationality and practicability of this method are verified step by step. The physical and mechanical properties of weak cemented rock, the evolution law of overlying rock structure and the distribution law of three zones in high mining face with weak cemented strata are preliminarily explored. But affected by the vast area and complicated geological conditions in the western mining area, the next step is to target at the weak cemented rock in a mining area. Physical and mechanical properties of deep research, and carry out a large number of in-situ pressure observation, further reveal the Western weak cemented strata high mining face rock pressure activity law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD323

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