【摘要】：在我國(guó)的陜西榆林地區(qū)蘊(yùn)含大量煤炭資源、煤層埋深較淺、賦存條件穩(wěn)定,已經(jīng)成為我國(guó)煤炭開發(fā)的重點(diǎn)區(qū)域,但伴隨著煤層的開采將會(huì)破壞淺層含水層,進(jìn)而引起地下含水層水位下降、泉水、湖泊干涸、川河基流量減小乃至斷流,導(dǎo)致區(qū)域生態(tài)平衡破壞和地表生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化、沙漠?dāng)U展等一系列無法修復(fù)的嚴(yán)重環(huán)境問題。因此,薄基巖淺埋煤層的最大開發(fā)技術(shù)難點(diǎn)是怎樣安全開采煤炭資源的同時(shí)最大限度的保護(hù)水資源,達(dá)到“保水開采”的目的。但是因薄基巖的厚度不同,導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)水裂隙帶發(fā)育的高度也有所不同,因此分為典型淺埋煤層和近淺埋煤層。本文結(jié)合榆陽礦區(qū)主采煤層3煤來進(jìn)行研究近淺埋煤層采動(dòng)過后導(dǎo)水裂隙帶發(fā)育高度。榆陽煤礦#3號(hào)煤層工作面厚度在3.2-3.9m之間,煤層賦存于侏羅系中統(tǒng)延安組,埋藏深度約為157m左右,煤層傾角一般平均為0.5°～1°,煤層平均厚度3.5m,賦存較為穩(wěn)定,結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單。研究區(qū)內(nèi)地質(zhì)構(gòu)造簡(jiǎn)單,水文地質(zhì)條件中等,地面地勢(shì)較為平坦,第四系風(fēng)積沙層厚20m左右,具有較好的開采條件。但礦區(qū)緊鄰毛烏素沙漠南緣,東部基本被沙漠灘地覆蓋,西部地貌為半固定沙丘狀,沙漠覆蓋率達(dá)到70%以上。區(qū)域內(nèi)降雨量稀少,地下水資源較為貧乏,生態(tài)環(huán)境非常脆弱,而淺部煤層開采會(huì)直接影響到含水層,不僅會(huì)直接造成礦井潰水危害,還會(huì)破壞可貴的水資源。因而,研究近淺埋煤層導(dǎo)水裂隙帶發(fā)育的高度對(duì)保水開采的成敗尤為重要。 論文在分析厚風(fēng)積沙近淺埋薄基巖煤層開采時(shí),采用理論分析判斷關(guān)鍵層所在位置,并結(jié)合采動(dòng)后巖層內(nèi)部移動(dòng)變形規(guī)律,建立出地表最大下沉量和覆巖導(dǎo)水裂隙帶高度與覆巖拉伸變形量之間的定量關(guān)系,給出他們之間的定量關(guān)系,推導(dǎo)了巖層層向拉伸變形的計(jì)算公式,從而給出導(dǎo)水裂隙帶高度理論預(yù)測(cè)的新方法。并結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)室相似模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)以及計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)值模擬軟件分別確定了煤層開采后覆巖導(dǎo)水裂隙帶發(fā)育高度,對(duì)比分析理論計(jì)算結(jié)果、模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果,三種不同方法所獲得的結(jié)果基本一致,從而驗(yàn)證了理論計(jì)算結(jié)論的可靠性,研究成果為保水開采理論計(jì)算方法提供了新的方向。
[Abstract]:In Yulin area of Shaanxi province, there are a lot of coal resources, the coal bed is shallow, the condition of occurrence is stable, it has become the key area of coal exploitation in our country, but with the mining of coal seam, it will destroy shallow aquifer. Then it causes the groundwater level to fall, the spring water and lake to dry up, the flow of the river base to decrease or even to stop, which leads to the destruction of the regional ecological balance and the deterioration of the surface ecological environment, and a series of serious environmental problems which cannot be remedied, such as the expansion of the desert, and so on. Therefore, the biggest technical difficulty of shallow coal seam exploitation of thin bedrock is how to exploit coal resources safely and protect water resources to the maximum extent, so as to achieve the goal of "water conservation and mining". However, because of the thickness of thin bedrock, the height of water conduction fracture zone is different, so it can be divided into typical shallow coal seam and near shallow buried coal seam. In this paper, the development height of water-conducting fissure zone in near shallow coal seam after mining is studied in combination with 3 coal in main mining seam of Yuyang mining area. The thickness of No. 3 coal seam in Yuyang coal mine is between 3.2-3.9 m, the coal bed is located in Yanan formation of Middle Jurassic, the buried depth is about 157m, the average dip angle of coal seam is 0.5 擄/ 1 擄, and the average thickness of coal seam is 3.5 m. In the study area, the geological structure is simple, the hydrogeological condition is medium, the surface topography is relatively flat, the thickness of the Quaternary aeolian sand layer is about 20m, and the mining conditions are good. But the mining area is close to the southern edge of Maowusu desert, the eastern part is basically covered by desert beach, the western geomorphology is semi-fixed sand dune, the desert coverage rate is over 70%. The rainfall in the area is scarce, the groundwater resources are relatively poor, and the ecological environment is very fragile. The shallow coal seam mining will directly affect the aquifer, which will not only directly cause the mine water burst harm, but also destroy the valuable water resources. Therefore, it is very important to study the development height of water conduction fracture zone in near shallow coal seam. In this paper, when mining thick eolian sand near shallow and thin bedrock coal seam, the position of key strata is judged by theoretical analysis, and combined with the law of internal movement and deformation of strata after mining. The quantitative relationship between the maximum subsidence of the surface and the height of the overburden water-conducting fissure zone and the overburden tensile deformation is established, the quantitative relationship between them is given, and the formula for calculating the tensile deformation of the strata is derived. A new method for predicting the height of the water-conducting fracture zone is presented. In combination with the laboratory simulation experiment and the computer numerical simulation software, the height of the overburden water conductivity fracture zone after coal seam mining is determined, and the theoretical calculation results, the simulation experiment results and the numerical simulation results are compared and analyzed. The results obtained by the three different methods are basically consistent, which verifies the reliability of the theoretical calculation conclusion. The research results provide a new direction for the theoretical calculation method of water conservation mining.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD823.8

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