【摘要】：巖鹽具有很好的隔水性和密封性,力學(xué)性質(zhì)比較穩(wěn)定,這使它成為建設(shè)地下硐室儲(chǔ)庫的理想介質(zhì)。我國目前處于鹽腔能源儲(chǔ)庫大規(guī)模建設(shè)時(shí)期,從不同角度研究巖鹽蠕變特性,以及探究鹽腔儲(chǔ)庫在長期運(yùn)行過程中的穩(wěn)定性是十分必要的。本文通過室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)、理論分析及計(jì)算機(jī)模擬等,從不同角度研究了巖鹽在不同外界條件下的蠕變力學(xué)性質(zhì),探討了其內(nèi)在機(jī)理。①進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的巖鹽壓縮試驗(yàn),并通過聲發(fā)射設(shè)備分析巖鹽破壞過程中的聲發(fā)射現(xiàn)象。通過試驗(yàn)得到了該地區(qū)巖鹽的基本力學(xué)參數(shù),探究了不同應(yīng)力及不同應(yīng)變速率條件下巖鹽的力學(xué)特性。通過壓縮試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)該地區(qū)巖鹽力學(xué)性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定,離散性很小,多組重復(fù)試驗(yàn)得到的極限強(qiáng)度值基本一致。通過分析巖鹽壓縮過程中的聲發(fā)射現(xiàn)象,發(fā)現(xiàn)在應(yīng)力峰值處巖鹽破壞時(shí)單位時(shí)間聲發(fā)射現(xiàn)象最多;在壓縮初期聲發(fā)射現(xiàn)象往往不明顯;應(yīng)變速率越高,單位時(shí)間聲發(fā)射現(xiàn)象數(shù)越高,累計(jì)聲發(fā)射現(xiàn)象數(shù)越低;在低應(yīng)變速率條件下壓縮初期甚至不會(huì)產(chǎn)生聲發(fā)射現(xiàn)象。利用分形理論分析聲發(fā)射現(xiàn)象的關(guān)聯(lián)維數(shù)特征,發(fā)現(xiàn)巖鹽在受壓過程中關(guān)聯(lián)維數(shù)會(huì)先呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢,在試件破壞前到達(dá)峰值,分析聲發(fā)射現(xiàn)象的關(guān)聯(lián)維數(shù)變化趨勢可以得到巖鹽破壞的預(yù)兆信息。②進(jìn)行了單軸和三軸巖鹽蠕變?cè)囼?yàn),分析軸壓、圍壓及巖鹽結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)對(duì)巖鹽蠕變的影響。通過蠕變?cè)囼?yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)由大晶粒組成的巖鹽蠕變后容易產(chǎn)生大變形,有很好的延性;當(dāng)圍壓一定時(shí),軸向壓力越大,完成蠕變?nèi)齻�(gè)階段需要的時(shí)間越少,試件壽命縮短,穩(wěn)態(tài)蠕變應(yīng)變率越大;當(dāng)軸壓一定時(shí),增加圍壓整體上可能降低蠕變應(yīng)變速度,甚至導(dǎo)致不會(huì)出現(xiàn)加速蠕變階段。③建立了帶損傷的巖鹽蠕變本構(gòu)模型,本構(gòu)模型很好地模擬了巖鹽蠕變的加速階段,通過Matlab擬合材料參數(shù),由本構(gòu)模型得到的蠕變曲線與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果符合較好。④建立了地下鹽腔儲(chǔ)庫模型,運(yùn)用FLAC 3D分析鹽腔儲(chǔ)庫在長時(shí)間周期運(yùn)行下的穩(wěn)定性,分析運(yùn)行內(nèi)壓對(duì)鹽腔儲(chǔ)庫穩(wěn)定性的影響。在極限內(nèi)壓范圍內(nèi)提高運(yùn)行內(nèi)壓可以增加鹽腔的穩(wěn)定性;計(jì)算了不同運(yùn)行內(nèi)壓及不同運(yùn)行時(shí)間下腔體的最大流變量和溶腔收縮率,判斷了鹽腔儲(chǔ)庫在極限內(nèi)壓條件下運(yùn)行是否安全;計(jì)算了鹽腔儲(chǔ)庫的安全系數(shù);確定了鹽腔儲(chǔ)庫腔體間的安全礦柱寬度。
[Abstract]:Rock salt is an ideal medium for building underground cavern storage because of its good water-proof, sealing and stable mechanical properties. At present, China is in the period of large-scale construction of salt cavern energy storage. It is necessary to study the creep characteristics of rock salt from different angles and explore the stability of salt cavern storage in the long-term operation process. In this paper, the creep mechanical properties of rock salt under different external conditions are studied from different angles by laboratory tests, theoretical analysis and computer simulation. The internal mechanism is discussed. 1. Systematic rock salt compression tests are carried out, and acoustic emission phenomena in the process of rock salt failure are analyzed by acoustic emission equipment. The mechanical properties of rock salt under different stress and strain rate conditions are studied. Compression tests show that the mechanical properties of rock salt in this area are stable and the dispersion is very small. The ultimate strength values obtained by repeated tests are basically the same. AE phenomena per unit time are the most common when rock salt is destroyed at the peak value of force; AE phenomena are not obvious at the initial compression stage; AE phenomena per unit time are higher with the increase of strain rate, and the cumulative AE phenomena are lower; AE phenomena are not even produced at the initial compression stage under the condition of low strain rate. It is found that the correlation dimension of rock salt increases at first during compression and reaches its peak value before failure. The prediction information of rock salt failure can be obtained by analyzing the correlation dimension change trend of acoustic emission. 2. Uniaxial and triaxial rock salt creep tests are carried out to analyze axial compression, confining pressure and rock salt structure. The creep tests show that rock salt with large grains tends to produce large deformation and good ductility after creep; when the confining pressure is constant, the greater the axial pressure, the less time it takes to complete the three creep stages, the shorter the life of the specimen, and the greater the steady-state creep strain rate; when the axial pressure is constant, the confining pressure is increased. The creep strain rate may be reduced or even the accelerated creep stage may not occur. 3. The creep constitutive model of rock salt with damage is established, which simulates the accelerated creep stage of rock salt very well. The creep curves obtained from the constitutive model are in good agreement with the experimental results by fitting the material parameters with MATLAB. The stability of salt chamber under long-term operation is analyzed by FLAC 3D, and the effect of internal pressure on the stability of salt chamber is analyzed. The shrinkage rate of the chamber determines whether the salt chamber is safe under the limit internal pressure, calculates the safety factor of the salt chamber, and determines the safe pillar width between the salt chamber chambers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD315

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