【摘要】：隨著礦山開采強(qiáng)度的日益加大,導(dǎo)致礦區(qū)泥石流、滑坡、地面塌陷等地質(zhì)災(zāi)害頻發(fā)以及環(huán)境污染日趨嚴(yán)重,對礦區(qū)地質(zhì)環(huán)境問題進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析并進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確評價(jià),對于進(jìn)一步采取針對性的治理措施具有重要意義。以寶鼎礦為例,采用ArcGIS軟件,對礦區(qū)比例尺為1∶50 000、多光譜波段分辨率為2.44 m、全色波段分辨率為0.61 m的Quick Bird遙感圖像進(jìn)行解譯,分析了礦區(qū)滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷等地質(zhì)災(zāi)害以及水體、大氣、粉塵等環(huán)境污染的分布區(qū)域,并統(tǒng)計(jì)、計(jì)算得出礦區(qū)滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷區(qū)分別有12,4,10處,礦區(qū)水體、大氣、粉塵污染的面積分別為0.255 9,3.211 7,0.028 4 km~2。在上述分析的基礎(chǔ)上,采用模糊層次分析法(Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process,FAHP)對礦區(qū)地質(zhì)環(huán)境進(jìn)行了綜合評價(jià),選取地質(zhì)環(huán)境、地質(zhì)災(zāi)害、環(huán)境污染作為一級評價(jià)指標(biāo),各指標(biāo)分別包含地形地貌、水文地質(zhì)、地層巖性,滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷,大氣污染、粉塵污染、水體污染等二級評價(jià)指標(biāo)。研究表明:礦區(qū)地層巖性復(fù)雜,水文地質(zhì)條件惡劣且受地形地貌控制,地質(zhì)環(huán)境評價(jià)為Ⅲ類較差級別;礦區(qū)滑坡、泥石流和地面塌陷分布較廣且數(shù)量較多,地質(zhì)災(zāi)害評價(jià)為Ⅲ類較差級別;礦區(qū)大氣污染、粉塵污染較嚴(yán)重,局部存在水體、固體廢棄物污染,環(huán)境污染評價(jià)為Ⅱ類一般級別;總體上礦區(qū)地質(zhì)環(huán)境質(zhì)量較差,總體評價(jià)為Ⅲ類較差級別,亟需采取措施進(jìn)行治理。
[Abstract]:With the increasing intensity of mining, frequent geological disasters such as debris flow, landslide, ground collapse and environmental pollution become more and more serious. The geological environment problems in mining area are analyzed in detail and evaluated accurately. For the further adoption of targeted governance measures have important significance. Taking Baoding Mine as an example, the Quick Bird remote sensing images with a scale of 1:50 000, a multispectral band resolution of 2.44 m and a panchromatic band resolution of 0.61 m are interpreted by using ArcGIS software. The landslide and debris flow in the mining area are analyzed. The distribution areas of geological hazards such as ground collapse and environmental pollution such as water body, atmosphere, dust and so on are calculated and calculated. There are 12 ~ 4 ~ 10 geological hazards in mining area, including landslide, debris flow and ground collapse, respectively. Water body of mining area, atmosphere, etc. The area of dust pollution was 0.255 ~ 3.211 ~ (7) ~ 0.028 4 km ~ (2) ~ (2) respectively. On the basis of the above analysis, the comprehensive evaluation of the geological environment of the mining area is carried out by using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (Fuzzy analytic hierarchy). The geological environment, geological hazard and environmental pollution are selected as the primary evaluation indexes, and each index includes the topography and geomorphology, respectively. Hydrogeology, stratigraphic lithology, landslide, debris flow, ground collapse, air pollution, dust pollution, water pollution and other secondary evaluation indicators. The study shows that the strata and lithology are complicated, the hydrogeological conditions are bad and controlled by topography and geomorphology, the geological environment evaluation is of the third grade, the distribution of landslide, debris flow and ground collapse in mining area is relatively wide and the quantity is large. The evaluation of geological hazard is classified as Class 鈪，

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