【摘要】：伴隨著國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展和技術(shù)革新,陸地上資源被逐步開(kāi)發(fā)消耗,為了解決資源短缺的問(wèn)題我們把目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)向了資源豐富的海洋。海上淺地層剖面地震勘探是海洋地質(zhì)資源普查和勘探的重要方法,因海水面和海底地層強(qiáng)反射界面的影響,使海上地震多次波發(fā)育明顯。多次波的存在是對(duì)有效一次反射波的干擾,使實(shí)際資料信噪比降低及對(duì)有效波的識(shí)別及解釋造成困難,多次波分離去除是海洋勘探領(lǐng)域地震數(shù)據(jù)處理中的一項(xiàng)難題。因此,如何壓制淺地層剖面多次波是本文最主要的研究?jī)?nèi)容。淺地層剖面得到的地震數(shù)據(jù)是單道自激自收觀測(cè)得到的數(shù)據(jù),沒(méi)有偏移距也無(wú)法求取速度信息,該類(lèi)數(shù)據(jù)中多次波不具有有效波和多次波之間正常時(shí)差差異特征,也無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確求出多次波的時(shí)間、周期、振幅、以及相位等信息,常用的多次波壓制方法存在不足之處�；陬A(yù)測(cè)反褶積算法,本文研究多次波自動(dòng)搜索與壓制的方法,利用自相關(guān)函數(shù)對(duì)步長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行自動(dòng)搜索,將得到的步長(zhǎng)去求解托布利茲方程得到濾波系數(shù),去除含有多次波的濾波系數(shù)褶積后得到壓制多次波后的結(jié)果。在壓制多次波前,需要進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理,首先對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行濾波和去除隨機(jī)噪音,提高數(shù)據(jù)信噪比;其次,設(shè)計(jì)合適的整形濾波算子對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行子波處理為多次波的去除打好基礎(chǔ);最后,對(duì)每一道數(shù)據(jù)用自相關(guān)函數(shù)自動(dòng)檢測(cè)出多次波的周期利用自動(dòng)搜索與壓制的方法壓制多次波。針對(duì)零偏移距、超高主頻的淺地層剖面數(shù)據(jù)的多次波壓制難題,編寫(xiě)了復(fù)雜海底地形地質(zhì)條件下淺地層剖面自相關(guān)、數(shù)據(jù)濾波、去除隨機(jī)噪音、子波處理和多次波自動(dòng)搜索與壓制等程序。利用本文中的多次波自動(dòng)搜索與壓制方法對(duì)模型數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行試算,并用于實(shí)際淺地層剖面資料多次波壓制,結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了多次波自動(dòng)搜索與壓制程序的穩(wěn)定可靠,該處理方法能夠有效的壓制多次波。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of domestic economy and technological innovation, the land resources have been gradually exploited and consumed. In order to solve the problem of resource shortage, we have turned to the resource-rich ocean. Seismic exploration of offshore shallow formation profile is an important method for marine geological resources survey and exploration. Due to the influence of strong reflection interface between sea water surface and undersea strata, seismic multiples on the sea have developed obviously. The existence of multiple waves is a kind of interference to the effective primary reflection wave, which reduces the signal-to-noise ratio of the actual data and makes it difficult to identify and interpret the effective wave. The separation and removal of multiple waves is a difficult problem in seismic data processing in the field of ocean exploration. Therefore, how to suppress the shallow stratigraphic profile multiple is the main research content in this paper. The seismic data obtained from the shallow formation profile are the data obtained from the single track self-excited self-receiving observation, and the velocity information can not be obtained without migration distance. The multiples in this kind of data do not have the characteristics of normal time difference between effective waves and multiple waves. The information of time, period, amplitude and phase of multiple waves can not be accurately calculated. Based on predictive deconvolution algorithm, the method of multiple automatic searching and suppression is studied in this paper. The step size is automatically searched by autocorrelation function, and the step size is obtained to solve the Tobriz equation to get the filtering coefficient. After removing the convolution of filtering coefficients containing multiple waves, the results of suppressing multiple waves are obtained. In the suppression of multiples, data preprocessing is needed. Firstly, the data is filtered and the random noise is removed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the data. Designing proper shaping filter operator for wavelet processing of data is a good foundation for the removal of multiple waves. Finally, the period of multiple waves is automatically detected by autocorrelation function, and the method of automatic searching and suppression is used to suppress multiple waves. In view of the problem of multi-wave suppression of zero-offset and ultra-high frequency shallow stratum profile data, the autocorrelation, data filtering and random noise removal of shallow stratum profile under complex submarine topography and geology are compiled. Wavelet processing and multiple automatic search and suppression programs. The method of automatic search and suppression of multiple waves in this paper is used to calculate the model data, and it is used to suppress multiple waves of actual shallow profile data. The results show that the program of automatic search and suppression of multiple waves is stable and reliable. The method can suppress multiple waves effectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P631.4

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 鄭磊;;海洋地震資料多次波壓制技術(shù)及應(yīng)用[J];價(jià)值工程;2015年10期

2 孫海龍;王德利;陳鑫;王通;;基于波場(chǎng)延拓的多次波壓制技術(shù)及其改進(jìn)[J];世界地質(zhì);2015年01期

3 王保麗;M.D.Sacchi;印興耀;張廣智;;基于保幅拉東變換的多次波衰減[J];地球物理學(xué)報(bào);2014年06期

4 馬偉鵬;;淺析海底淺地層剖面多次波壓制技術(shù)[J];科技創(chuàng)新導(dǎo)報(bào);2013年15期

5 趙昌壘;葉月明;姚根順;胡冰;莊錫進(jìn);;線性拉東域預(yù)測(cè)反褶積在海洋多次波去除中的應(yīng)用[J];地球物理學(xué)進(jìn)展;2013年02期

6 郭夢(mèng)秋;趙彥良;左勝杰;巴晶;;海上地震資料處理中的組合壓制多次波技術(shù)[J];石油地球物理勘探;2012年04期

7 朱偉強(qiáng);王彥春;莫延剛;牟鳳鳴;;基于預(yù)測(cè)反褶積的海底鳴震壓制方法[J];海洋地質(zhì)前沿;2011年11期

8 馬繼濤;Sen K.Mrinal;陳小宏;姚逢昌;;海底電纜多次波壓制方法研究[J];地球物理學(xué)報(bào);2011年11期

9 于海鋮;徐輝;張學(xué)濤;張軍華;鄭旭剛;;基于頻率慢度域二階算子的多次波去噪方法研究及應(yīng)用[J];油氣地質(zhì)與采收率;2011年04期

10 石穎;劉洪;鄒振;;基于波動(dòng)方程表面多次波預(yù)測(cè)與自適應(yīng)相減方法研究[J];地球物理學(xué)報(bào);2010年07期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前1條

1 牛濱華;沈操;余欽范;孫春巖;;與自由界面有關(guān)的多次波的波場(chǎng)模擬[A];2000年中國(guó)地球物理學(xué)會(huì)年刊——中國(guó)地球物理學(xué)會(huì)第十六屆年會(huì)論文集[C];2000年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 劉建輝;基于波動(dòng)理論壓制多次波方法研究[D];中國(guó)石油大學(xué);2010年

2 李翔;基于復(fù)雜地表波場(chǎng)延拓的靜校正方法研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2009年

，

本文編號(hào)：2182191