【摘要】：緩傾斜多層礦床地下開(kāi)采過(guò)程中，不同巖層的交互回采擾動(dòng)與礦床安全高效開(kāi)采之間矛盾突出，地壓管控難度大。為解決緩傾斜多層礦床圍巖復(fù)雜的應(yīng)力集中等地質(zhì)災(zāi)害問(wèn)題，保障礦床安全高效開(kāi)采，必須系統(tǒng)地研究礦床回采圍巖變形及其卸壓技術(shù)。以上橫山礦緩傾斜多層礦床為研究對(duì)象，采用不連續(xù)面多層組合相似材料模型試驗(yàn)、有限元數(shù)值模擬試驗(yàn)和斷裂力學(xué)理論研究的綜合方法，研究了礦床充填法回采作業(yè)面圍巖的變形特征，基于地下工程圍巖最小變形及其穩(wěn)定性原則，確定了區(qū)域性和局部性卸壓技術(shù)。 首先通過(guò)相似材料配比試驗(yàn)，配制了不同配比的低強(qiáng)度相似材料，分析了其物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)及其變化規(guī)律，根據(jù)多層礦床賦存條件和條帶開(kāi)采嗣后充填的試驗(yàn)要求，確定了有效的4種相似材料配比，建立了典型勘探線的緩傾斜多層礦床相似材料模型；同時(shí)采用Phase2數(shù)值模擬軟件，構(gòu)建了與物理相似模擬試驗(yàn)相對(duì)應(yīng)的數(shù)值模擬模型，為有效開(kāi)展緩傾斜多層礦床地下開(kāi)采試驗(yàn)研究提供了基礎(chǔ)。 然后，根據(jù)條帶法開(kāi)采作業(yè)面礦柱受力特征，確定了兩側(cè)臨空條帶礦柱-П復(fù)合型裂紋尖端的Westergaard應(yīng)力函數(shù)，，采用考慮中間主應(yīng)力的Hoek-Brown強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則計(jì)算作業(yè)面圍巖破壞區(qū)的邊界條件，建立了礦柱破壞寬度計(jì)算模型；并結(jié)合物理相似模擬試驗(yàn)，利用DIP法分析礦柱的裂紋發(fā)育特征，驗(yàn)證了模型有效性，為地下充填法回采條帶礦柱寬度設(shè)計(jì)提供了定量依據(jù)。 最后，選用回采順序和開(kāi)采強(qiáng)度兩個(gè)典型的區(qū)域性順序網(wǎng)絡(luò)卸壓開(kāi)采方案，研究了礦床區(qū)域性圍巖變形特征，選擇了前進(jìn)式回采順序和同時(shí)開(kāi)采不充填3個(gè)條帶開(kāi)采強(qiáng)度的最佳方案；地下工程應(yīng)力集中狀況研究表明，礦體下盤(pán)圍巖內(nèi)的沿脈巷道是局部性應(yīng)力集中較明顯區(qū)域，采用數(shù)值模擬分析了局部性卸壓技術(shù)效用，選擇了沿礦體傾向拱頂鉆鑿卸壓鉆孔和近礦體側(cè)邊幫鉆鑿短巷聯(lián)合錨桿支護(hù)的局部性卸壓技術(shù)。 研究形成了條帶法回采緩傾斜多層礦床區(qū)域性和局部性卸壓的集成技術(shù)，對(duì)指導(dǎo)礦床安全高效開(kāi)采，具有一定的理論和實(shí)際意義。
[Abstract]:In the process of underground mining of gently inclined multi-layer deposits, the contradiction between the interactive mining disturbance of different strata and the safe and efficient mining of the deposit is obvious, and the control of ground pressure is very difficult. In order to solve the problem of geological disasters such as complex stress concentration in the surrounding rock of gently inclined multi-layer ore deposit and to ensure the safe and efficient mining of the deposit, it is necessary to study systematically the deformation of the surrounding rock and the unloading technique of the rock mass in the mining of the deposit. The gently inclined multi-layer ore deposit in Shanghengshan Mine is studied by using the comprehensive method of discontinuous surface multi-layer combination similar material model test, finite element numerical simulation test and fracture mechanics theory study. Based on the principle of minimum deformation and stability of surrounding rock in underground engineering, regional and local pressure relief techniques are determined. At first, the low strength similar materials with different ratios are prepared by the experiment of similar materials, and their physical and mechanical properties and their changing laws are analyzed. According to the conditions of occurrence of multi-layer deposits and the test requirements of subsequent filling in strip mining, the physical and mechanical properties of similar materials are analyzed. The effective ratio of four similar materials is determined, and the similar material model of gently inclined multi-layer ore deposit with typical exploration line is established. At the same time, the numerical simulation model corresponding to the physical similarity simulation test is constructed by using Phase2 numerical simulation software. It provides a basis for effective underground mining test of gently inclined multi-layer deposits. Then, according to the stress characteristics of mining face pillar by strip method, the Westergaard stress function at the tip of double-face strip pillar and composite crack is determined, and the boundary condition of surrounding rock failure zone of work surface is calculated by Hoek-Brown strength criterion considering intermediate principal stress. The failure width calculation model of pillar is established, and the crack development characteristics of pillar are analyzed by DIP method combined with physical similarity simulation test. The validity of the model is verified, which provides a quantitative basis for the width design of stoping strip pillar in underground filling method. Finally, two typical regional sequential network mining schemes, mining sequence and mining intensity, are selected to study the deformation characteristics of the regional surrounding rock of the deposit. The optimum scheme of forward mining sequence and mining strength without filling three strips at the same time is selected, and the stress concentration condition of underground engineering shows that the roadway along the vein in the wall rock of the lower wall of the orebody is the obvious area of local stress concentration. The effect of local pressure relief technology is analyzed by numerical simulation, and the local pressure relief technique is selected to drill pressure relief boreholes along the inclined arch roof of ore body and combined with bolt support in short roadway by side drilling of ore body. The integrated technique of regional and local pressure relief of gently inclined multi-layer deposits by strip method has been developed, which is of theoretical and practical significance for guiding the safe and efficient mining of ore deposits.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TD803

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