【摘要】：在煤礦開采工程中,第四系深部或新近系土均具有介于巖和土之間的一些性質(zhì),有些由于賦存層位特殊,介于上部含水層和煤系地層之間,結(jié)構(gòu)上可作為防隔水層處理,其變形和破壞是分析開采安全的重要因素。本文以河南泉店煤礦靈泉水庫壓覆區(qū)近松散層薄基巖下開采為地質(zhì)原型,分析了礦區(qū)地質(zhì)、水文地質(zhì)與工程地質(zhì)條件,并著重對硬土進行判別、分類,分析了其工程地質(zhì)性質(zhì),歸納總結(jié)了硬土變形破壞的影響因素,選取了基巖厚度、懫厚、硬土性質(zhì)三個因素按正交法則進行相似模擬試驗,總結(jié)了硬土宏觀變形破壞特征,并分析了其破壞機理;同時,對硬土進行水穩(wěn)試驗和電導(dǎo)率試驗,劃分了不同水穩(wěn)性和水土作用階段,從粒度成分、結(jié)構(gòu)和礦物成分上對其機理進行了分析。本文取得的主要成果有:(1)試驗并總結(jié)了硬土的宏觀變形破壞特征和機理。根據(jù)水庫壓覆區(qū)地質(zhì)原型,按不同基巖厚度、不同懫厚、不同巖性設(shè)計9組工程地質(zhì)模型試驗,發(fā)現(xiàn):硬土變形破壞類似于基巖,隨上行裂隙的擴展會產(chǎn)生類似于“離層”的水平裂隙和縱向裂隙,呈“拱”狀破壞,可劃分為四個階段,其中泥質(zhì)硬土和砂質(zhì)硬土的變形破壞形式又不同,泥質(zhì)硬土的塑性強,成梁(板)好,而砂質(zhì)硬土呈脆性破斷,較松散的特性。硬土破壞帶發(fā)育高度影響的敏感性主次順序為基巖厚、采厚、硬土性質(zhì),并回歸出方程。從壓力平衡拱理論解釋硬土的變形破壞機理,并建立了硬土壓力平衡拱的力學模型。(2)試驗并分析了硬土的水穩(wěn)性和差異性。根據(jù)硬土水解試驗的崩解破壞形式,歸納出3種水穩(wěn)性類型:浸水后不崩解Ⅰ型、浸水后弱崩解Ⅱ型、浸水后強崩解Ⅲ型。電導(dǎo)率試驗發(fā)現(xiàn):電導(dǎo)率和TDS值絕對增量增加的快慢所表征的水土作用強度,可與浸水崩解過程對應(yīng)一致;電導(dǎo)率和TDS絕對增量隨時間變化具有階段性,可劃分為3個階段,即前10min為水土作用快速段(Ⅰ),10~120min為中速段(Ⅱ),120~1440min為緩速段(Ⅲ)。從黏粒含量、結(jié)構(gòu)和黏土礦物成分上對硬土進行水穩(wěn)性差異機理探討分析,得出:黏粒含量越高,水穩(wěn)性特征越好,崩解性越弱;裂隙越發(fā)育,水穩(wěn)性特征越差,崩解性越強;蒙脫石、高嶺石和伊利石的含量越高,水穩(wěn)性特征越差,崩解性越強。(3)根據(jù)水庫下硬土宏觀變形破壞規(guī)律及水穩(wěn)特性研究,分析了水庫壓覆區(qū)安全開采的可行性。
[Abstract]:In coal mining engineering, the deep or Neogene soils of the Quaternary have some properties between rock and soil, some of them are between the upper aquifer and coal measure strata because of their special occurrence, so they can be treated as water-proof layers structurally. Its deformation and failure are important factors in the analysis of mining safety. This paper takes mining under thin bedrock near loose layer in Lingquan Reservoir of Quandian Coal Mine in Henan Province as geological prototype, analyzes geological, hydrogeological and engineering geological conditions of mining area, and emphatically discriminates and classifies hard soil, and analyzes its engineering geological properties. The influencing factors of deformation and failure of hard soil are summarized, and the similar simulation tests of rock thickness, thickness and properties of hard soil are carried out according to the orthogonal rule, and the macroscopic deformation and failure characteristics of hard soil are summarized, and the failure mechanism is analyzed. The water stability test and electrical conductivity test of hard soil were carried out, and the different stages of water stability and soil and water action were divided. The mechanism was analyzed in terms of particle size composition, structure and mineral composition. The main results obtained in this paper are as follows: (1) the macroscopic deformation and failure characteristics and mechanism of hard soil are tested and summarized. According to the geological prototype of the overlying area of reservoir, according to different bedrock thickness, different thickness and different lithology, 9 groups of engineering geological model tests are designed. It is found that the deformation and failure of hard soil is similar to that of bedrock. Along with the expansion of the uplink fissure, horizontal and longitudinal fissures similar to the "separated layer" will be produced, which can be divided into four stages, in which the deformation and failure forms of muddy hard soil and sandy hard soil are different, and the ductility of muddy hard soil is strong. The beam-forming is good, while the sandy hard soil is brittle and looser. The sensitivity order of the development height of hard soil failure zone is the thickness of bedrock, the mining thickness, the properties of hard soil, and the regression equation. The deformation and failure mechanism of hard soil is explained from the theory of pressure equilibrium arch, and the mechanical model of hard soil pressure equilibrium arch is established. (2) the water stability and difference of hard soil are tested and analyzed. According to the collapse failure form of hard soil hydrolysis test, three types of water stability were concluded: type I without disintegration after immersion, type 鈪，

本文編號：2148275