本文選題：廢棄礦井 + 多環(huán)芳烴　； 參考：《中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：廢棄礦井停產(chǎn)關(guān)閉后,井下壓力、通氣條件發(fā)生改變,礦井微生態(tài)環(huán)境結(jié)構(gòu)及功能也隨之變化,進(jìn)而影響污染物的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化過程。煤炭開采期間遺留的機(jī)油、乳化劑中含有多環(huán)芳烴類有機(jī)污染物,具有三致性、生物蓄積性、難降解性等污染風(fēng)險(xiǎn),為保障關(guān)閉礦井地下水的安全性,有必要研究關(guān)閉礦井地下水系統(tǒng)中微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的變化規(guī)律,研討多環(huán)芳烴的生物修復(fù)規(guī)律及可行性。本文通過靜態(tài)模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),研究閉礦條件下礦井水中微生物群落分布特征及演化規(guī)律,從微觀上探尋人類活動(dòng)對(duì)礦井生態(tài)環(huán)境結(jié)構(gòu)與功能的影響。從河流底泥中得到一株菲優(yōu)勢(shì)降解菌,探討不同條件下其對(duì)菲的降解規(guī)律,探究不同閉礦條件下礦井水中菲的降解途徑。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:(1)礦井水封閉模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,封閉、半封閉條件下礦井水中可培養(yǎng)微生物以細(xì)菌為主,占比逐漸增大,真菌、放線菌占比逐漸減小。硫酸鹽還原菌數(shù)量在封閉環(huán)境中不斷增大,半封閉環(huán)境中不斷減少。通過16S rDNA細(xì)菌多樣性分析,樣品中的優(yōu)勢(shì)細(xì)菌為芽孢桿菌(Bacillus)和乳球菌(Lactococcus)。隨著時(shí)間變化,好氧菌逐漸衰亡,厭氧菌量逐漸增加。完全封閉條件下菌群多樣性逐漸增加,而半封閉條件下菌群多樣性不斷波動(dòng)。(2)通過初篩、分離、純化、復(fù)篩,從江蘇省徐州市郊區(qū)某河流底泥中得到一株能夠降解多環(huán)芳烴菲的優(yōu)勢(shì)降解菌J-2。經(jīng)過培養(yǎng)觀察、革蘭氏染色、16S rDNA菌種鑒定等過程,確定屬于微桿菌屬,與Microbacterium sp.Atl-19同源性達(dá)到97%,15天內(nèi)對(duì)菲的降解率達(dá)到46.97%。(3)溫度對(duì)降解菌J-2降解菲的效果影響明顯,30℃時(shí),菲降解效率最高,28天降解率達(dá)到52.85%。pH值在7~8范圍內(nèi),菲降解效率較高,降解率可達(dá)53.94%。菲初始濃度與降解效率成負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,濃度越小,降解效率越高。添加表面活性劑吐溫-80對(duì)菲生物降解速率促進(jìn)顯著,提高近20%。開放條件下,菲高效降解菌J-2的降解效果最好,28天內(nèi)開放、封閉、半封閉條件下菲的降解速率依次降低。另外,分析得到菲的降解產(chǎn)物有1-羥基-2-萘甲酸和鄰苯二酚。(4)不同環(huán)境條件下菲的生物降解均符合一級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型。溫度、pH值、菲初始濃度、不同閉礦條件對(duì)菲生物降解過程均有顯著性影響。當(dāng)吐溫-80添加濃度大于0.1%時(shí),吐溫-80濃度對(duì)菲生物降解效率影響不顯著。
[Abstract]:After the abandoned mine was shut down and closed, the underground pressure and ventilation conditions changed, and the structure and function of mine micro-ecological environment changed, which affected the process of pollutant migration and transformation. The oil and emulsifiers left over during coal mining contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are at risk of pollution, such as triple-induced, bioaccumulative, refractory, etc., in order to ensure the safety of underground water in closed mines, It is necessary to study the variation law of microbial community structure in underground water system of closed mine and the bioremediation law and feasibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this paper, the distribution characteristics and evolution law of microorganism community in mine water under the condition of closed mine are studied by static simulation experiment, and the influence of human activities on the structure and function of mine ecological environment is explored from the microscopic point of view. A strain of phenanthrene dominant degrading bacteria was obtained from river sediment, the degradation law of phenanthrene was discussed under different conditions, and the degradation ways of phenanthrene in mine water under different closed ore conditions were explored. The main contents are as follows: (1) the experimental results of mine water closure show that the main culturable microorganisms in mine water are bacteria, the proportion of fungi and actinomycetes decreases gradually. The number of sulfate reducing bacteria increased in the closed environment and decreased in the semi-closed environment. By analyzing the diversity of 16s rDNA bacteria, the dominant bacteria in the sample were Bacillus and Lactococcus. With the change of time, aerobic bacteria gradually decays, and the amount of anaerobic bacteria increases gradually. Under the condition of complete closure, the diversity of flora increases gradually, but under semi-closed condition, the diversity of flora fluctuates continuously. (2) through primary screening, isolation, purification, re-screening, A dominant degrading bacterium J-2 was obtained from sediment of a river in the suburb of Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, which could degrade phenanthrene polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). After culture and observation, the microbacilli were identified as microbacilli by Gram-stain 16s rDNA identification. The degradation rate of phenanthrene reached 46.97% within 15 days after homology with microbacterium sp.Atl-19. (3) temperature had a significant effect on the degradation effect of phenanthrene J-2 at 30 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2109090