本文選題：激光誘導(dǎo)擊穿光譜分析法 + 機(jī)器視覺檢測法　； 參考：《河南科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：對于礦脈比較薄、礦石品位較低的金礦,其開采后產(chǎn)生大量的廢石,實(shí)際可供利用的資源比較少,這會造成資源浪費(fèi)和環(huán)境污染等難題。預(yù)選是降低廢石比例、提高原礦品位最有效的手段之一。目前,大部分礦山將人工揀選作為首道工序,人工利用金礦石和廢石顏色上的差別將廢石揀出,在一定程度上降低入選原礦中廢石的比例。但由于人工揀選效率低、誤揀率高,揀出的廢石量有限,仍有大量的廢石進(jìn)入后續(xù)破碎、粉磨、洗選等工序,造成極大的能源浪費(fèi)和垃圾污染。因此,探索一種適合薄礦層金礦石在線快速分離的方法非常迫切和實(shí)用。論文以河南某金礦礦石為研究對象,對金礦石在線揀選方法展開了研究。通過多種揀選方法的分析與研究,確定了一種適合于河南某金礦的礦石在線揀選方法。全文主要工作如下:1.研究識別金礦石與廢石的方法。機(jī)器視覺檢測法,對河南某金礦中金礦石和廢石顏色進(jìn)行分類,采用機(jī)器視覺檢測方法分析礦石顏色特征,總結(jié)人工揀選經(jīng)驗(yàn)和離線礦石成分分析,得出綠色廢石與金礦石不容易區(qū)分。而該礦山綠色廢石占廢石總量較大,采用機(jī)器視覺檢測法進(jìn)行揀選,會造成誤揀率較高或者揀出率較低的問題。激光誘導(dǎo)擊穿光譜分析法(LIBS),采用化學(xué)元素分析法確定金礦石和廢石中含量差異明顯的特征元素,通過對特征元素的LIBS光譜分析,根據(jù)相對強(qiáng)度的差異來判定金礦石和廢石。但是,分析結(jié)果不穩(wěn)定,容易受到礦石表面元素含量不均勻、礦石表面不平整等因素的影響,誤揀率較高。由于這兩種方法都不適合用于該金礦,仍需探索更加適應(yīng)于河南某金礦礦石在線揀選的方法。2.研究X射線熒光揀選方法。分析了該礦區(qū)礦脈特征和礦石特性,對該礦區(qū)的礦層、礦石成分等有了深入的了解。采用X射線熒光分析法對該礦區(qū)中金礦石和廢石進(jìn)行分析,探索金礦石和廢石中元素含量的變化規(guī)律,將含量差異明顯的元素作為特征元素。采用基本參數(shù)法、單元素分析法等計(jì)算方法,對特征元素進(jìn)行X射線熒光分析,根據(jù)分析時(shí)間、分析精度等因素,確定了最終的揀選特征元素。分析了X射線熒光揀選方法的影響因素,研究了X射線熒光強(qiáng)度與測量距離之間的關(guān)系,并將其關(guān)系式作為修正公式編入處理軟件中,修正因測量距離的變化引起的測量誤差,使得X射線熒光分析法在該金礦預(yù)選中更加快速與實(shí)用。3.根據(jù)該礦區(qū)礦脈特征以及礦石特性,設(shè)計(jì)了合適的揀選工藝及相關(guān)機(jī)械裝置。搭建實(shí)驗(yàn)臺,進(jìn)行了金礦石在線揀選實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,在礦石預(yù)選階段揀出了大量的廢石,礦石品位提高約60%,減少了無用的能源消耗和垃圾污染,具有較大的工程應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:For a gold mine with thin vein and low ore grade, a large amount of waste rock is produced after mining, and the actual resources available for utilization are less, which will cause problems such as resource waste and environmental pollution. Pre-dressing is one of the most effective means to reduce the proportion of waste rock and improve the grade of raw ore. At present, most mines take artificial picking as the first working procedure, and use the difference of color between gold ore and waste stone artificially to sort out the waste rock, to a certain extent, reduce the proportion of waste rock in the raw ore. However, due to the low efficiency of manual sorting, the high rate of mispicking and the limited amount of waste rock, there are still a large number of waste rock into subsequent crushing, grinding, cleaning and other processes, resulting in a great deal of energy waste and garbage pollution. Therefore, it is urgent and practical to explore a method suitable for rapid on-line separation of gold ore from thin ore beds. In this paper, a gold ore in Henan Province is studied. Through the analysis and research of various sorting methods, a method of ore on-line sorting suitable for a gold mine in Henan Province was established. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1. The method of identifying gold ore and waste rock is studied. The color of gold ore and waste rock in a gold mine in Henan Province was classified by machine vision detection method. The color characteristics of ore were analyzed by machine vision method, and the experience of artificial picking and the analysis of offline ore composition were summarized. It is concluded that it is not easy to distinguish green waste rock from gold ore. The green waste rock in this mine accounts for a large amount of waste rock, and the machine vision detection method is used to pick the waste rock, which will cause the problem of higher missorting rate or lower sorting rate. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used to determine the characteristic elements in gold ore and waste rock by chemical element analysis. Through the LIBS spectrum analysis of characteristic elements, gold ore and waste rock were determined according to the difference of relative strength. However, the results of the analysis are unstable and easily affected by the uneven content of elements on the ore surface and uneven surface of the ore, resulting in a higher mispicking rate. Since neither of these two methods is suitable for this gold deposit, it is still necessary to explore a more suitable method for on-line sorting of a gold ore in Henan Province. The method of X-ray fluorescence sorting was studied. The characteristics of ore vein and ore in this mining area are analyzed, and the ore bed and ore composition are deeply understood. X-ray fluorescence analysis was used to analyze the gold ore and waste rock in the mining area, and to explore the change rule of the element content in the gold ore and the waste rock. The elements with obvious difference in content were taken as the characteristic elements. The method of basic parameter analysis and single element analysis were used to analyze the characteristic elements by X-ray fluorescence. According to the time and precision of the analysis, the final picking characteristic elements were determined. The influencing factors of X-ray fluorescence sorting method are analyzed. The relationship between the intensity of X-ray fluorescence and the measuring distance is studied, and the formula is used as the correction formula to correct the measurement error caused by the change of the measurement distance. It makes X ray fluorescence analysis more rapid and practical. 3. According to the ore vein characteristics and ore characteristics of the mining area, a suitable sorting process and related mechanical devices are designed. An online sorting experiment of gold ore was carried out. The experimental results show that a large number of waste rocks are picked out in the ore pre-separation stage, the ore grade is increased by about 60 percent, the useless energy consumption and garbage pollution are reduced, and it has great engineering application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD953;TP391.41

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