本文選題：爆破振動(dòng) + 地下采空區(qū)��； 參考：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：因地下礦山整合,東露天礦采場(chǎng)工作面下方存在大量未知采空區(qū),受露天生產(chǎn)爆破振動(dòng)影響,采空區(qū)會(huì)出現(xiàn)坍塌破壞現(xiàn)象,引發(fā)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)事故。就爆破振動(dòng)對(duì)地下采空區(qū)影響規(guī)律進(jìn)行分析,以確定主要影響因素,建立采空區(qū)頂板振速預(yù)測(cè)公式,對(duì)合理選取爆破參數(shù)以控制爆破振動(dòng),保證地下采空區(qū)的安全穩(wěn)定性具有重要實(shí)際指導(dǎo)意義。通過在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行地表振速監(jiān)測(cè),對(duì)比數(shù)值模擬預(yù)測(cè)值,證明所建立爆破振動(dòng)模型的正確性,再利用LS-DYNA軟件建立采空區(qū)距炮孔不同水平距離、埋深和跨度條件下的三維爆破振動(dòng)模型,研究分析了爆破振動(dòng)對(duì)采空區(qū)影響的傳播衰減規(guī)律,并對(duì)采空區(qū)頂板振速預(yù)測(cè)模型進(jìn)行了擬合。主要研究成果如下:(1)地下采空區(qū)的存在使得地表測(cè)點(diǎn)峰值振速有所增大,但是增幅不明顯;受采空區(qū)影響爆破地震波持續(xù)時(shí)間增長(zhǎng),波形出現(xiàn)多個(gè)波峰,加強(qiáng)爆破振動(dòng)對(duì)地表建(構(gòu))筑物的損傷破壞。(2)對(duì)比爆破振動(dòng)數(shù)值模擬和地表振速實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)果,振速衰減規(guī)律及測(cè)點(diǎn)振速時(shí)程曲線與實(shí)際吻合,質(zhì)點(diǎn)峰值振速平均誤差為7.4%,證明所選取的本構(gòu)模型、巖體材料參數(shù)及建立的爆破振動(dòng)模型是正確可靠的。(3)爆破振動(dòng)對(duì)采空區(qū)穩(wěn)定性影響以頂板破壞為主,迎爆面?zhèn)葔Υ沃?其中以振速水平分量對(duì)采空區(qū)破壞最為嚴(yán)重。隨采空區(qū)離炮孔水平距離增大,頂板振速逐漸減小;迎爆面?zhèn)葔φ袼傧仍龃蠛鬁p小,距離20m處最大,此時(shí)迎爆面?zhèn)葔ψ钊菀灼茐�。隨埋深增大,頂板水平向振速先稍有增大后減小,埋深35m時(shí)最大;迎爆面?zhèn)葔φ袼僦饾u減小。隨跨度增大,質(zhì)點(diǎn)峰值振速逐漸增大,當(dāng)頂板跨度大于30m后,振速增大不明顯。(4)確定爆破振動(dòng)對(duì)采空區(qū)影響的主要因素包括:單段最大起爆藥量、采空區(qū)距炮孔水平距離、埋深和跨度,確定量綱分析基變量,運(yùn)用量綱分析擬合得出受爆破振動(dòng)影響的采空區(qū)頂板振速預(yù)測(cè)公式。運(yùn)用得到的振速預(yù)測(cè)公式可對(duì)采空區(qū)頂板質(zhì)點(diǎn)振速進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),作為受爆破振動(dòng)影響地下采空區(qū)安全穩(wěn)定性的判別依據(jù);選取最大安全振速,可計(jì)算單段最大安全起爆藥量,為現(xiàn)場(chǎng)爆破施工設(shè)計(jì)提供理論指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:Due to the integration of underground mines, there are a large number of unknown mined-out areas under the working face of East Open-pit Mine. Under the influence of blasting vibration in open-air production, caving and destruction will occur in the goaf, which will lead to on-site production accidents. The influence of blasting vibration on underground goaf is analyzed, the main influencing factors are determined, the prediction formula of roof vibration velocity in goaf is established, and the blasting parameters are reasonably selected to control blasting vibration. It is of practical significance to ensure the safety and stability of underground goaf. By monitoring the ground vibration velocity on the spot and comparing the predicted values of numerical simulation, it is proved that the blasting vibration model is correct, and the different horizontal distance between the goaf and the hole is established by using LS-DYNA software. Three dimensional blasting vibration model under the condition of buried depth and span is studied and the propagation attenuation law of blasting vibration on goaf is analyzed and the prediction model of roof vibration velocity in goaf is fitted. The main research results are as follows: (1) the existence of underground goaf increases the peak vibration velocity of surface survey points, but the increase is not obvious. (2) comparing the numerical simulation of blasting vibration and the measured results of surface vibration velocity, the attenuation law of vibration velocity and the time-history curve of vibration velocity at measured point are in agreement with the actual situation. The average error of peak vibration velocity of particle is 7.4, which proves that the selected constitutive model, rock mass material parameters and blasting vibration model are correct and reliable. (3) the effect of blasting vibration on the stability of goaf is mainly caused by roof failure, followed by the side wall of blasting face. The horizontal component of vibration velocity is the most serious damage to goaf. With the increase of the horizontal distance from the goaf to the hole, the vibration velocity of the roof decreases gradually, and the vibration velocity of the wall increases first and then decreases, and the maximum distance is 20m, and the wall on the side of the blasting face is the easiest to destroy. With the increase of the buried depth, the horizontal vibration velocity of the roof increases a little first and then decreases, and the maximum at the buried depth of 35 m, and the vibration velocity of the wall on the side of the explosive face decreases gradually. With the increase of span, the peak vibration velocity of particle increases gradually. When the roof span is more than 30m, the vibration velocity does not increase obviously. (4) the main factors that determine the effect of blasting vibration on goaf include: the maximum detonation charge of single section, the horizontal distance from goaf to the hole, The basic variables of dimensionality analysis are determined and the prediction formula of roof vibration velocity in goaf affected by blasting vibration is obtained by dimensionality analysis fitting. The prediction formula of vibration velocity can be used to predict the vibration velocity of roof particle in goaf, which can be used as the basis for judging the safety and stability of underground goaf affected by blasting vibration, the maximum safe vibration velocity can be selected to calculate the maximum safe detonation charge in single section. To provide theoretical guidance for site blasting construction design.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD824.2

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本文編號(hào)：2070915