本文選題：油腔型傳感器 + 壓力波動(dòng)��； 參考：《中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：鋼絲繩張力是煤礦安全提升主要檢測(cè)參數(shù)之一,直接影響著礦山安全生產(chǎn)。然而煤礦提升機(jī)提升過(guò)程中鋼絲繩存在振動(dòng)和沖擊,嚴(yán)重干擾著鋼絲繩有效張力和提升載荷的監(jiān)測(cè),針對(duì)處于動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程中鋼絲繩張力監(jiān)測(cè)的復(fù)雜性,本文進(jìn)行了多繩摩擦式提升機(jī)提升載荷動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)方法研究。本文設(shè)計(jì)一種油腔傳感器安裝于提升機(jī)平衡油缸的活塞桿與滑塊之間,將鋼絲繩張力信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)化為活塞桿與滑塊之間的壓力信號(hào)進(jìn)行測(cè)量,解決了拉力傳感器直接與鋼絲繩串聯(lián)測(cè)量張力的安全隱患,提高了提升載荷動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)的安全性。本文設(shè)計(jì)的油腔傳感器,基于封閉空間的消振理論,利用傳感器內(nèi)部的油腔結(jié)構(gòu),將被測(cè)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)化為油腔內(nèi)部的壓力信號(hào)進(jìn)行測(cè)量,降低了被測(cè)信號(hào)壓力波動(dòng)對(duì)測(cè)量結(jié)果的影響,解決了提升過(guò)程中鋼絲繩瞬態(tài)張力波動(dòng)對(duì)鋼絲繩有效張力測(cè)量干擾的問(wèn)題。本文采用集中參數(shù)等效法,建立了油腔傳感器消振模型,確定了影響傳感器消振性能的兩階臨界頻率,得到了低頻噪聲的控制方法;利用流場(chǎng)內(nèi)壓力波動(dòng)方程,得到流場(chǎng)內(nèi)的壓力分布規(guī)律,確定了流場(chǎng)內(nèi)高次波存在的截止頻率,進(jìn)一步闡釋了油腔對(duì)于高頻壓力波的衰減規(guī)律;基于阻尼的耗能特性,在油腔內(nèi)部設(shè)置了縫隙結(jié)構(gòu),增大系統(tǒng)阻尼,取得了控制油腔內(nèi)壓力幅值的效果,實(shí)現(xiàn)消除鋼絲繩波動(dòng)對(duì)鋼絲繩有效張力測(cè)量影響的目的。本文利用小孔阻尼對(duì)傳感器聲學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行改進(jìn),控制了油腔壓力波動(dòng)幅值,避免了油腔共振對(duì)于應(yīng)變區(qū)信號(hào)的影響。本文利用LMS Virtual.lab仿真軟件對(duì)油腔傳感器進(jìn)行了耦合模態(tài)仿真和基于模態(tài)空間的液固耦合仿真,驗(yàn)證油腔傳感器的消振模型的正確性,同時(shí)通過(guò)在仿真中改變仿真參數(shù)研究油腔結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)與流體種類對(duì)于油腔傳感器消振特性的影響,從而指導(dǎo)油腔傳感器的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。實(shí)驗(yàn)室對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)的新型傳感器進(jìn)行了線性度測(cè)試、標(biāo)定與溫升實(shí)驗(yàn),保證了傳感器測(cè)量精度;根據(jù)晶體熱膨脹特性與物態(tài)方程得到了傳感器在不同溫度下壓力變化規(guī)律,可以作為溫度補(bǔ)償?shù)囊罁?jù);提出了傳感器在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)使用的標(biāo)定方法,并且通過(guò)與油壓傳感器和通用壓塊傳感器進(jìn)行對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了設(shè)計(jì)的新型傳感器的濾波消振特性;最后研制了基于新型傳感器的鋼絲繩測(cè)試平臺(tái),通過(guò)在煤礦現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用,表明新型傳感器不僅可以有效監(jiān)測(cè)鋼絲繩張力,計(jì)算提升載荷,還可以利用測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)提升機(jī)進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)故障診斷。
[Abstract]:The tension of wire rope is one of the main detection parameters of coal mine safety lifting, which directly affects mine safety production. However, the vibration and impact of wire rope in the lifting process of coal mine hoist seriously interfere with the monitoring of effective tension and lifting load of wire rope, aiming at the complexity of monitoring wire rope tension in dynamic process. The dynamic monitoring method of lifting load of multi-rope friction hoist is studied in this paper. In this paper, an oil chamber sensor is designed and installed between the piston rod and the slider of the balancing cylinder of the hoist. The tension signal of the wire rope is converted into the pressure signal between the piston rod and the slider for measurement. The hidden trouble of tension measurement by tension sensor in series with wire rope is solved, and the safety of dynamic monitoring of lifting load is improved. The oil cavity sensor designed in this paper is based on the theory of vibration suppression in closed space, and the measured signal is converted into the pressure signal inside the oil chamber to measure by using the structure of the oil cavity inside the sensor. The influence of the pressure fluctuation of the measured signal on the measurement results is reduced, and the interference of the transient tension fluctuation of the wire rope on the effective tension measurement of the wire rope during the lifting process is solved. In this paper, by using the lumped parameter equivalent method, the vibration suppression model of the oil cavity sensor is established, and the two-order critical frequency which affects the performance of the sensor is determined, and the control method of the low frequency noise is obtained, and the pressure fluctuation equation in the flow field is used. The pressure distribution law in the flow field is obtained, the cutoff frequency of the high order wave in the flow field is determined, the attenuation law of the oil cavity to the high frequency pressure wave is further explained, and the gap structure is arranged in the oil chamber based on the energy dissipation characteristic of damping. By increasing the damping of the system, the effect of controlling the pressure amplitude in the oil chamber is achieved, and the effect of wire rope fluctuation on the effective tension measurement of the wire rope is eliminated. In this paper, the acoustic structure of the sensor is improved by using small hole damping to control the amplitude of the pressure fluctuation of the oil cavity and to avoid the influence of the oil cavity resonance on the signal in the strain region. In this paper, the coupling modal simulation and liquid-solid coupling simulation of the oil cavity sensor are carried out by using the LMS Virtual.lab simulation software, which verifies the correctness of the damping model of the oil cavity sensor. At the same time, by changing the simulation parameters in the simulation, the influence of the oil cavity structure parameters and the type of fluid on the vibration suppression characteristics of the oil cavity sensor is studied, so as to guide the structural design of the oil cavity sensor. The linearity test, calibration and temperature rise experiments of the new sensor are carried out in the laboratory to ensure the measuring accuracy of the sensor, and according to the properties of the thermal expansion of crystal and the equation of state, the law of the pressure variation of the sensor at different temperature is obtained. It can be used as the basis of temperature compensation, the calibration method of the sensor used in the field is put forward, and the filtering and damping characteristics of the new sensor are verified by comparing with the oil pressure sensor and the general pressure block sensor. Finally, the steel wire rope test platform based on the new sensor is developed. The application in the coal mine field shows that the new type sensor can not only effectively monitor the tension of the wire rope, but also calculate the lifting load. Also can use the measurement data to carry on the spot fault diagnosis to the hoist.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD534.3

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