本文選題：大孔距小排距 + 網(wǎng)孔參數(shù)　； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：爆破是礦山生產(chǎn)的首要環(huán)節(jié)，，降低爆破成本、提高爆破質(zhì)量的爆破優(yōu)化研究已成為許多爆破研究者的主要研究內(nèi)容。對礦山而言，爆破優(yōu)化設(shè)計是礦山生產(chǎn)的中心，是礦山生產(chǎn)中投資最大的一個環(huán)節(jié)。目前，國內(nèi)外露天礦礦巖石開采普遍采用中深孔爆破技術(shù)，該項技術(shù)旨在解決如何提高爆破塊度的均勻性，降低炸藥單耗及器材的消耗量，以及降低礦石貧化率等實際問題�！按罂拙嘈∨啪辔⒉畋萍夹g(shù)”就是在這種背景下發(fā)展起來的。大孔距小排距爆破技術(shù)是指，在保持單孔負(fù)擔(dān)面積基本不變或稍有增加的前提下，在一定范圍內(nèi)增大炮孔的密集系數(shù)的一種爆破方法。 本文從巖石破碎機(jī)理出發(fā)，分析了目前國內(nèi)外關(guān)于巖石爆破的幾種主要理論，特別對目前國內(nèi)外專家學(xué)者比較認(rèn)可的沖擊波和應(yīng)力波反射拉伸破壞理論與爆生氣體膨脹破壞理論，作以深入研究和系統(tǒng)的分析。結(jié)合現(xiàn)代爆破理論的基礎(chǔ)之上，探討了大孔距小排距微差爆破技術(shù)的基本原理，從理論研究上給出大孔距小排距爆破技術(shù)的科學(xué)依據(jù)，闡明大孔距小排距爆破技術(shù)的的科學(xué)性。 巖石的破壞是一個復(fù)雜的動力學(xué)過程。研究表明，地質(zhì)構(gòu)造、巖石物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)、爆破工藝技術(shù)影響著巖石的爆破效果，除此之外，影響巖石爆破效果的因素還有很多，而探索和研究這些影響爆破效果的因素，是爆破設(shè)計和優(yōu)化的前提。所以本文在對巖石破壞機(jī)制的爆破理論分析之后，同時對影響爆破效果的主要因素進(jìn)行了分析，包括巖石構(gòu)造，巖石物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)等，在本文中，特別對巴潤礦礦巖的節(jié)理裂隙情況做了深入的實地調(diào)查和研究，利用鉆機(jī)鉆孔實際速度預(yù)測和計算礦巖的物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)和礦巖的裂隙間距等礦巖結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)，輔助設(shè)計爆破參數(shù)，由此提出了較傳統(tǒng)網(wǎng)孔參數(shù)更大孔距更小排距孔網(wǎng)參數(shù)。同時對該技術(shù)中的裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)、起爆方式進(jìn)行了深入的研究。最終選擇對巴潤礦的傳統(tǒng)爆破參數(shù)進(jìn)行修正，采用大孔距小排距爆破技術(shù)。并通過控制單一變量的對比試驗方法，對實驗前后設(shè)計參數(shù)、效果參數(shù)逐一進(jìn)行對比分析，試驗證明，該爆破技術(shù)和各主要參數(shù)的研究方法是合理的，爆破后大塊率和巖石的破碎均勻性明顯改善，并在保證良好爆破效果的前提下，有效的降低炸藥單耗量、提高延米爆破量，為礦山取得了良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
[Abstract]:Blasting is the most important link in mine production. To reduce blasting cost and improve blasting quality has become the main research content of many blasting researchers. For mine, blasting optimization design is the center of mine production and the largest investment in mine production. At present, the medium and long hole blasting technology is widely used in rock mining of opencast mines at home and abroad, which aims to solve the practical problems such as how to improve the uniformity of blasting fragmentation, reduce the consumption of explosive unit and material, and reduce the dilution rate of ore, etc. It is under this background that "small row distance blasting technology with large hole spacing" has been developed. The technology of large hole spacing and small row distance blasting is a blasting method which increases the density coefficient of the hole in a certain range on the premise of keeping the burden area of a single hole basically unchanged or slightly increasing. Based on the mechanism of rock fragmentation, this paper analyzes several main theories of rock blasting at home and abroad. In particular, the theory of shock wave and stress wave reflected tensile failure and the theory of explosion gas body expansion and failure, which are generally accepted by experts and scholars at home and abroad, are studied in depth and systematically analyzed. On the basis of modern blasting theory, this paper discusses the basic principle of large hole spacing and small row distance millisecond blasting technology, gives the scientific basis of large hole spacing and small row distance blasting technology from the theoretical research, and expounds the scientific nature of large hole spacing and small row spacing blasting technology. Rock failure is a complex dynamic process. The study shows that geological structure, physical and mechanical properties of rock and blasting technology affect the blasting effect of rock. In addition, there are many factors that affect the blasting effect of rock. It is the premise of blasting design and optimization. Therefore, after analyzing the blasting theory of rock failure mechanism, the main factors influencing blasting effect, including rock structure, rock physical and mechanical properties and so on, are analyzed in this paper. In particular, the paper makes a deep field investigation and study on the joint and fissure situation of ore rocks in Balun Mine. The actual velocity of drilling holes is used to predict and calculate the physical and mechanical properties of ore rocks and the fracture spacing of ore rocks, and to design blasting parameters. Therefore, the larger hole spacing and smaller row spacing hole network parameters than the traditional mesh parameters are proposed. At the same time, the charge structure and detonation mode of the technology are studied. Finally, the traditional blasting parameters of Balun Mine are modified, and the large hole spacing and small row spacing blasting technology is adopted. Through the contrast test method of controlling single variable, the design parameters and the effect parameters before and after the experiment are compared and analyzed one by one. The experiment proves that the blasting technique and the research method of each main parameter are reasonable. After blasting, the bulk rate and the uniformity of rock fragmentation are obviously improved. On the premise of ensuring good blasting effect, the explosive unit consumption is effectively reduced and the blasting quantity of extended rice is increased, which has obtained good economic benefits for the mine.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD235

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