本文選題：巷道底臌 + 影響因素�。� 參考：《西安科技大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：在煤礦的生產(chǎn)過程中,巷道在開挖后或受到采動的影響時,底板經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)底臌現(xiàn)象,其中劇烈的底臌會導致巷道斷面縮小、阻礙運輸和人員行走、妨礙通風等諸多問題。由于開巷后,多數(shù)情況下都是僅針對頂板和兩幫采取支護措施,往往忽略了底板的變形,這也加劇了底臌的發(fā)生。由此可見,針對巷道的底臌機理及其控制措施進行研究對于維護巷道的穩(wěn)定性、保證煤礦的安全生產(chǎn)具有重要的現(xiàn)實意思。本文采用理論分析與數(shù)值模擬相結合的方式,結合某巷道具體的工程地質環(huán)境,對底臌發(fā)生的機理以及不同的控制措施進行了深入的研究。主要工作和結論有:(1)通過對底臌影響因素的研究分析,認為巷道底臌的主要影響因素為底板巖層的物理力學性質、礦山壓力以及支護強度和巷道斷面形狀。通過對底臌的成因分析,將底臌的主要類型分為應力型、膨脹型、軟化型。依據(jù)巷道底板不同的破壞形態(tài),對底臌的特征進行了分析。(2)通過對巷道底板破壞形式的研究,建立了在支承壓力作用下底板巖層失穩(wěn)的力學模型,將底板劃分為三個區(qū)域:主動破壞區(qū)、擠壓過渡區(qū)和擠壓被動區(qū)。分析可知,底板巖層的變形規(guī)律為:主動區(qū)巖體在垂直方向上受壓縮,該區(qū)域巖體勢必會遭到破壞,形成破碎區(qū);同時,在水平方向上,主動區(qū)巖體必然會膨脹,進而擠壓過渡區(qū)巖體,并將應力傳遞到這一區(qū);過渡區(qū)巖體繼續(xù)擠壓被動區(qū),從而被動區(qū)有了被迫向上運動的趨勢,并在豎直向上的底板應力作用下發(fā)生底臌。建立底板的四邊固支矩形薄板模型,在矩形薄板中選取單位寬度的單元條,在豎向均布力作用下對該單元條在兩邊固支的邊界條件下進行撓度計算,將其作為底臌量的估計值,通過具體的工程算例,驗證了底臌量估計式的可行性。對底臌量估計公式中的主要影響參數(shù)進行了分析,為底臌防治措施的提出提供了理論依據(jù)。(3)采用FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬軟件對具體工況和地質條件下某巷道開挖后的圍巖變形進行了數(shù)值分析,通過其底板變形量與底臌量估計式所計算出的底臌量進行對比,驗證了數(shù)值模型的合理性和正確性。在原支護方案無法解決底臌問題的前提下,通過對底臌主要影響因素以及底臌量估計式中參數(shù)分析的基礎上,提出底臌治理的不同方案,即開挖卸壓槽、底板錨桿加固、切槽卸壓與底板錨桿聯(lián)合支護治理底臌三種方案。分別對三種治理方案進行數(shù)值模擬分析,對其底臌防治效果進行了對比,得出最佳治理方案。
[Abstract]:In the process of coal mine production, floor heave often occurs in the roadway after excavation or under the influence of mining, among which violent floor heave will lead to roadway section shrinking, hinder transportation and personnel walking, hinder ventilation and many other problems. After the roadway is opened, the supporting measures are taken only for the roof and the two sides in most cases, and the deformation of the floor is often neglected, which also intensifies the occurrence of floor heave. It can be seen that the study on the mechanism of floor heave and its control measures is of practical significance for maintaining the stability of roadway and ensuring the safety of coal mine production. In this paper, the mechanism of floor heave and different control measures are deeply studied by combining theoretical analysis with numerical simulation and combining with the concrete engineering geological environment of a roadway. The main work and conclusions are as follows: (1) through the study and analysis of the influencing factors of floor heave, it is considered that the main influencing factors of roadway floor heave are the physical and mechanical properties of floor rock, mine pressure, support strength and roadway section shape. By analyzing the causes of floor heave, the main types of floor heave are divided into stress type, expansion type and softening type. According to different failure patterns of roadway floor, the characteristics of floor heave are analyzed. (2) by studying the failure form of roadway floor, a mechanical model of rock layer instability under the action of supporting pressure is established. The bottom plate is divided into three regions: the active failure zone, the extrusion transition zone and the extrusion passive zone. According to the analysis, the deformation law of the bottom rock layer is: the rock mass in the active zone is compressed in the vertical direction, the rock mass in the area is bound to be destroyed to form a broken area, and at the same time, in the horizontal direction, the rock mass in the active zone is bound to expand. Then the rock mass in the transition zone is squeezed and the stress is transferred to the zone; the rock mass in the transition zone continues to squeeze the passive zone, thus the passive zone has the tendency of forced upward movement, and floor heave occurs under the action of vertical bottom stress. The rectangular thin plate model with four sides fixed on the bottom plate is established. The unit width element bar is selected in the rectangular thin plate. Under the action of vertical uniform force, the deflection of the element strip is calculated under the boundary condition of the two sides clamped up, which is regarded as the estimated value of the floor heave. The feasibility of the estimation of floor heave is verified by an engineering example. The main influence parameters in the estimation formula of floor heave are analyzed. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of floor heave. 3) numerical analysis of surrounding rock deformation after excavation of a roadway under specific working conditions and geological conditions is carried out by using FLAC3D numerical simulation software. The rationality and correctness of the numerical model are verified by the comparison between the floor deformation and the floor heave calculated by the estimation of floor heave. On the premise that the original support scheme can not solve the problem of floor heave, based on the analysis of the main influencing factors of floor heave and the analysis of parameters in the estimation formula of floor heave, different schemes of floor heave treatment are put forward, that is, excavation of pressure relief trough and reinforcement of floor anchor. Three schemes of combined support of groove relief and floor bolt for floor heave control. The numerical simulation and analysis of three treatment schemes were carried out respectively, and the control effect of floor heave was compared, and the best treatment scheme was obtained.
【學位授予單位】：西安科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TD327.3;TD353

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