本文選題：平朔東露天礦 + 地下采空區(qū)��； 參考：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：平朔東露天礦在資源整合以前是由多個(gè)民營(yíng)企業(yè)開采,存在多個(gè)地采小煤窯且亂采、濫采現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重,采場(chǎng)內(nèi)存在一定數(shù)量、情況不明的空區(qū)。隨著露天開懫作業(yè)的進(jìn)行及暴露時(shí)間的增加,可能出現(xiàn)頂板巖體冒落而造成上覆巖層塌陷,威脅著露天作業(yè)人員與設(shè)備的安全,定量地確定這些地下采空區(qū)頂板安全厚度能確保礦山生產(chǎn)安全進(jìn)行。對(duì)東露天礦進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)地質(zhì)調(diào)查,采用鉆孔探測(cè)法摸清采空區(qū)的形態(tài)大小和特征;理論分析采空區(qū)頂板破壞機(jī)理并計(jì)算出頂板安全厚度。采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA動(dòng)力有限元軟件建立含采空區(qū)的臺(tái)階爆破模型,進(jìn)行不同跨度不同埋深條件下的采空區(qū)頂?shù)装寮皟蓚?cè)墻體的應(yīng)力分析;并通過Midas軟件模擬設(shè)備靜載條件下不同跨度的采空區(qū)頂板應(yīng)力分布特征;最后提出東露天礦地下采空區(qū)的治理方法。全文主要研究成果如下:(1)通過對(duì)東露天礦巖體進(jìn)行工程折減,得出數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算需要的工程巖體力學(xué)參數(shù),抗壓強(qiáng)度值為8.01MP,抗拉強(qiáng)度值為0.45MPa。(2)通過5種經(jīng)典理論計(jì)算公式得出采空區(qū)頂板安全厚度推薦值,即跨度10m時(shí)其頂板安全厚度7.4m,跨度15m厚度11.4m,跨度20m厚度15m,跨度25m厚度18.5m,跨度30m厚度23.7m,跨度40m厚度31.5m。(3)綜合爆破沖擊荷載和設(shè)備壓力荷載條件下的不同跨度采空區(qū)頂板安全厚度,結(jié)果表明跨度10m時(shí)其頂板安全厚度12m;跨度15m厚度16m,跨度20m厚度21m,跨度25m厚度25m,跨度30m厚度30m;跨度40m厚度42m。(4)提出采空區(qū)治理步驟,結(jié)合東露天礦實(shí)際情況選擇合適的探測(cè)方法并根據(jù)頂板安全厚度(H0)、最大打孔深度(hm)以及空區(qū)上緣距上覆臺(tái)階面高度(h)三者之間的關(guān)系將空區(qū)分為3類,并對(duì)每類空區(qū)根據(jù)礦巖穩(wěn)固條件、治理難易程度再細(xì)分三種情況;針對(duì)不同類別的采空區(qū)提出高效、安全的處理方法即崩落法,并對(duì)某一采空區(qū)進(jìn)行實(shí)踐處理,效果明顯達(dá)到治理目的。通過上述研究確定了東露天礦不同跨度下采空區(qū)的頂板安全厚度,對(duì)于頂板厚度不合要求的采空區(qū)運(yùn)用崩落法來治理,消除了東露天礦地下采空區(qū)安全隱患。
[Abstract]:Before the integration of resources, Pingshuo East Open-pit Mine was mined by many private enterprises, and there were many small coal kilns and random mining in Pingshuo. The phenomenon of overmining was serious, there were a certain number of empty areas in the mining site and the situation was unknown. With the development of open-pit operation and the increase of exposure time, roof rock caving may occur, which will cause overburden collapse and threaten the safety of outdoor workers and equipment. Quantificationally determining the safety thickness of roof in these underground goaf can ensure the safety of mine production. In this paper, the detailed field geological investigation of East Open-pit Mine is carried out, and the shape and characteristics of goaf are found out by the method of borehole exploration, and the mechanism of roof failure in goaf is analyzed theoretically and the safe thickness of roof is calculated. The dynamic finite element software ANSYS- LS-DYNA is used to establish the bench blasting model with goaf. The stress analysis of roof and bottom slab and both sides wall of goaf with different span and different buried depth is carried out. The stress distribution characteristics of the roof of the goaf with different span under static load are simulated by Midas software. Finally, the treatment method of underground goaf in East Open-pit Mine is put forward. The main research results in this paper are as follows: (1) the mechanical parameters of engineering rock mass needed for numerical simulation calculation are obtained through engineering reduction of rock mass in East Open-pit Mine. The compressive strength value is 8.01MPand the tensile strength value is 0.45MPa.m2) the recommended value of safe thickness of goaf roof is obtained by five classical theoretical formulas. The safety thickness of roof is 7.4m, 15m, 20m, 25m, 30m, and 40m, respectively. The safety thickness of roof in different span under blasting impact load and pressure load of equipment is 31.5 m 路m ~ (3), and the thickness of roof is 7.4m, 11.4m, 20m, 18.5m, 23.7m and 31.5m / m respectively under the condition of blasting impact load and equipment pressure load. The results show that the roof safety thickness is 12m, the span 15m thickness is 16m, the span 20m thickness 21m, the span 25m thickness 25m, the span 30m thickness 30m, the span 40m thickness 42m. Combined with the actual situation of East Open-pit Mine, the suitable detection method is selected. According to the relationship between the safe thickness of roof and the maximum perforating depth (Hm) and the height of the upper edge of the empty area from the top step surface, the empty space is divided into three categories. According to the stable condition of ore and rock, the paper subdivides three kinds of cases into three cases, and puts forward an efficient and safe treatment method, that is, caving method, for different types of goaf, and carries on practical treatment to a goaf. The effect is obvious to achieve the goal of governance. Through the above research, the safe thickness of the roof of the goaf under different spans of East Open-pit Mine is determined, and the caving method is used to treat the goaf which is not in accordance with the requirement of the thickness of the roof, thus eliminating the hidden danger of safety in the underground goaf of the East Open-pit Mine.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD327.2;TD824

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