本文選題：大采高工作面 + 礦壓顯現(xiàn)　； 參考：《中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)(北京)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：目前,在國(guó)內(nèi)以圍巖力學(xué)性質(zhì)測(cè)定為基礎(chǔ),礦壓監(jiān)測(cè)資料為輔助的采區(qū)巷道優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)體系日益受到重視。采區(qū)礦壓顯現(xiàn)規(guī)律的觀測(cè)不僅保證工作面安全生產(chǎn),而且能夠驗(yàn)證工作面支架選型,并優(yōu)化上下順槽的巷道支護(hù)技術(shù)。因此,開展大采高工作面煤炭安全高效開采關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的研究,以及礦井首采工作面的巷道圍巖物理力學(xué)測(cè)試和采場(chǎng)巷道礦壓監(jiān)測(cè)工作,對(duì)于提高巷道支護(hù)設(shè)計(jì)的合理性,確保巷道安全,降低支護(hù)成本,實(shí)現(xiàn)高產(chǎn)高效具有重要意義。同時(shí),對(duì)于保證我國(guó)煤炭工業(yè)的持續(xù)、安全發(fā)展,保障能源的安全供給具有重要工程指導(dǎo)價(jià)值。王家?guī)X煤礦是山西煤炭運(yùn)銷集團(tuán)有限公司新建項(xiàng)目,井田位于山西省保德縣南部,處于河?xùn)|煤田北部。王家?guī)X煤礦屬于保德王家?guī)X循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)工業(yè)園區(qū)的六大項(xiàng)目之一,是山西煤炭運(yùn)銷集團(tuán)公司重點(diǎn)建設(shè)工程和轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展的重要支撐項(xiàng)目。作為新建礦井,在設(shè)計(jì)、施工等多個(gè)方面存在經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足:一方面是煤巖體性質(zhì)的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)缺乏造成巷道圍巖支護(hù)方案設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)缺少參數(shù)選取的依據(jù);另一方面缺少礦山壓力實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),使得工作面支架選型、巷道圍巖支護(hù)方案設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)的荷載無法準(zhǔn)確計(jì)算。在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)過程中頂板的運(yùn)動(dòng)及礦壓顯現(xiàn)規(guī)律和相應(yīng)的控制技術(shù)等方面,必然會(huì)出現(xiàn)新的問題,所以必須針對(duì)具體條件進(jìn)行具體研究。本文立足王家?guī)X首采工作面開采面臨的技術(shù)難題,提出首采工作面礦壓監(jiān)測(cè)和圍巖控制技術(shù)研究,通過礦山壓力監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的整理分析,對(duì)工作面采場(chǎng)礦壓和巷道礦壓顯現(xiàn)規(guī)律進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究;結(jié)合煤巖的物理力學(xué)參數(shù)和地質(zhì)構(gòu)造特征,得到采場(chǎng)圍巖運(yùn)動(dòng)特征,構(gòu)建礦壓資料基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),所得成果服務(wù)于巷道圍巖控制參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)和合理性驗(yàn)證;通過工作面礦壓數(shù)據(jù)的分析,在把握頂板運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)上,以采場(chǎng)力學(xué)模型為基礎(chǔ),分析支架的合理性,提出支架選型的優(yōu)化方案;從礦壓角度分析現(xiàn)有開采條件下工作面長(zhǎng)度的合理性;通過現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)分析和反饋,結(jié)合工作面圍巖變形規(guī)律以及采場(chǎng)礦壓顯現(xiàn)規(guī)律,得出巷道合理的支護(hù)形式與參數(shù)、煤柱的合理留設(shè)尺寸,為礦區(qū)持續(xù)、安全和高效的開采提供保證。本文主要獲得以下五個(gè)方面成果:1.通過單軸、三軸和巴西劈裂實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)得王家?guī)X煤巖彈性模量、泊松比、抗壓強(qiáng)度、抗拉強(qiáng)度、粘聚力和摩擦角等物理力學(xué)參數(shù),為巷道支護(hù)提供依據(jù)。同時(shí),根據(jù)XRD實(shí)驗(yàn)和SEM實(shí)驗(yàn)可知,煤層中以石英為主要礦物質(zhì),其主要礦物成分為黏土礦物,反映了王家?guī)X礦煤體有一定的強(qiáng)度,但膨脹性較大。頂板巖樣石英高達(dá)39.5%,粘土礦物總量平均為54.2%,直接頂泥巖的結(jié)構(gòu)較為松散,總體呈團(tuán)塊狀,孔隙大,巖層不僅遇水易膨脹還容易垮落。因此,在巷道支護(hù)設(shè)計(jì)中必須考慮圍巖的防水措施。2.從整個(gè)工作面阻力分析來壓,具有中間略小、兩端略高的特點(diǎn),端頭部位及相鄰部位阻力波動(dòng)較頻繁,支架阻力應(yīng)可以維持在40MPa左右;隨著采高增加頂板運(yùn)動(dòng)更加充分,支架工作阻力分布更加均勻,隨著采高增加,頂板來壓步距減小,來壓持續(xù)時(shí)間增加。覆巖層載荷隨采高增加而增大,載荷分布規(guī)律為工作面中部大,兩端小;上覆巖層的載荷隨采高增加有增加的趨勢(shì)。開采初期隨著頂板垮落次數(shù)增加,工作面載荷呈指數(shù)規(guī)律增加,支架強(qiáng)度有增大趨勢(shì);工作面應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)隨采高增加而減小,隨垮落次數(shù)增加而增加。大采高工作面長(zhǎng)度越大,所需要的工作阻力越大。加快采面推進(jìn)速度,采面壓力有所減弱,周期來壓步距增大,有利于采場(chǎng)頂板管理。3.采用鉆孔窺視分別對(duì)膠帶巷及大斷面切眼的頂板和兩幫進(jìn)行巷道圍巖破碎范圍的地質(zhì)勘探,在膠帶巷內(nèi),最大松動(dòng)范圍出現(xiàn)在切眼與巷道交匯處附近,該位置表現(xiàn)出多層松動(dòng)的現(xiàn)象。距離切眼越遠(yuǎn),松動(dòng)圈數(shù)有減小的趨勢(shì),松動(dòng)范圍亦表現(xiàn)出縮小的趨勢(shì)。但靠近端頭位置,受應(yīng)力集中影響,靠近煤壁處裂隙較為發(fā)育,需要加強(qiáng)對(duì)兩端頭的支護(hù)。4.經(jīng)理論計(jì)算和工程類比綜合分析認(rèn)為王家?guī)X煤礦放頂煤支架合理的支護(hù)參數(shù)為:選擇ZF16000/23/43D型放頂煤液壓支架,設(shè)計(jì)初撐力12818 kN(P=31.5MPa),工作阻力16000k N(P=39.3MPa),支護(hù)強(qiáng)度1.5~1.55MPa,中心距1.75 m(寬度),寬度1.66~1.86 m;根據(jù)本工作面實(shí)測(cè)支架阻力及下一個(gè)工作面實(shí)際開采需要,確定雖然當(dāng)前支架具有一定富余能力,對(duì)支架架型并不做減小優(yōu)化。5.相似模擬和數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果顯示,大采高工作面頂板垮落波及范圍大,老頂巖塊不易形成穩(wěn)定的砌體梁結(jié)構(gòu)。頂板有明顯的板破斷特征,采面位移載荷大、兩端位移小。工作面長(zhǎng)度影響的覆巖運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律研究表明:當(dāng)工作面長(zhǎng)度不同時(shí),無論工作面前后,監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)的位移值隨著工作面寬度的增加而增大。工作面采高-覆巖運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律研究表明:上覆巖層的運(yùn)動(dòng)顯現(xiàn)出隨采高增加線性增加。工作面推進(jìn)速度-覆巖運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律研究表明:隨著推進(jìn)速度增大,上覆巖層位移減小。6.依據(jù)理論分析以及數(shù)值模擬得出首采工作面留設(shè)20~25m煤柱較為合理。同時(shí),在分析大采高工作面礦壓顯現(xiàn)規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行了工作面液壓支架的合理選型,研究了基于工作面合理長(zhǎng)度和綜采設(shè)備選型配套的提高煤炭資源回收率關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)施效果良好。
[Abstract]:At present, on the basis of the measurement of mechanical properties of surrounding rock in China, the optimization design system of mining roadway aided by monitoring data of mine pressure has been paid more and more attention. The observation of the law of mining pressure in the mining area not only ensures the safe production of the working face, but also verifies the type selection of the working face and the supporting technology of the roadway with the upper and lower groove. The research on the key technology of coal safety and high efficiency mining in the mining face, the physical and mechanical test of the surrounding rock of the roadway and the monitoring work of the mine pressure in the mining roadway are of great significance for improving the rationality of the roadway support design, ensuring the safety of the roadway, reducing the cost of the support and realizing the high production and high efficiency. The continuous, safe development of the coal industry and the safe supply of energy have important engineering guidance value. Wangjialing coal mine is a new project of Shanxi coal transportation and Marketing Group Co., Ltd., Ida is located in the south of Baode County of Shanxi Province, and in the north of Hedong coal field. Wangjialing coal mine is the six major project of the Wangjialing recycling economic Industrial Park of Baode. One of the important support projects of the key construction project and the transformation and development of Shanxi coal transportation and marketing group company. As a new mine, there are insufficient experience in many aspects, such as design and construction. On the one hand, the lack of relevant data on the nature of coal and rock is the basis for the lack of parameter selection for the timing of the roadway surrounding rock support scheme; on the other hand, it is short of the data. The measured data of mine pressure makes the type selection of the working face support, and the load of the roadway surrounding rock support can not be accurately calculated. In the actual production process, the roof movement, the law of the ore pressure appearance and the corresponding control technology will inevitably appear new problems, so it must be studied in specific conditions. This article is based on this paper. The technical problems faced by the first mining face mining in Wangjialing are discussed, and the ore pressure monitoring and surrounding rock control technology in the first mining face are put forward. Through the analysis of the mine pressure monitoring data, the mining pressure of the working face and the law of the roadway ore pressure are studied systematically, and the mining area is obtained by combining the physical and physical parameters and the geological structure characteristics of the coal and rock. The rock movement characteristics, the construction of the data base database of ore pressure, the results obtained service in the roadway surrounding rock control parameters design and rationality verification. Through the analysis of the rock pressure data of the working face, on the basis of grasping the roof movement law, based on the mechanic model of the stope, the reasonableness of the support is analyzed, and the optimization scheme of the support type selection is put forward; from the ore pressure angle. The rationality of the working face length under the existing mining conditions is analyzed. Through the field measured monitoring data analysis and feedback, combined with the deformation law of the surrounding rock and the law of the mining pressure in the stope, the reasonable support forms and parameters of the roadway are obtained and the reasonable size of the coal pillar is retained. This paper provides a guarantee for the continuous mining area, safe and efficient mining. The following five achievements are obtained: 1. through the single axis, three axis and Brazil splitting test, the elastic modulus of Wangjialing coal rock, the Poisson's ratio, the compressive strength, the tensile strength, the cohesive force and the friction angle are used to provide the basis for the roadway support. At the same time, the quartz is the main mineral in the coal seam according to the XRD test and the SEM experiment. The main mineral composition is clay mineral, which reflects that the coal body of Wangjialing mine has a certain strength, but its expansibility is large. The roof rock sample quartz is as high as 39.5%, the average of the clay mineral is 54.2%, the structure of the direct top mudstone is loose, the overall mass is lump, the pore is large, and the rock stratum is not only prone to water expansion and easy to collapse. Therefore, the rock stratum is supported and protected in the roadway. It is necessary to consider the waterproof measure of the surrounding rock,.2., from the whole surface resistance analysis, with the characteristics of slightly small in the middle and slightly higher at both ends. The resistance fluctuation of the end and adjacent parts is more frequent, and the resistance of the support should be maintained at about 40MPa. With the increase of the roof movement more fully, the distribution of the support resistance is more uniform with the height of the mining. With the increase of mining height, the pressure step of the roof decreases and the pressure duration increases. The load of overburden increases with the increase of the mining height. The load distribution is large in the middle of the working face and the two ends are small. The load of the overlying strata increases with the increase of the mining height. The stress concentration coefficient of the working face decreases with the increase of the mining height and increases with the increase of the number of caving. The greater the length of the working face is, the greater the working resistance is, the quicker the working resistance of the mining face, the acceleration of the mining face, the weakening of the mining face pressure, the increase of the period pressure step distance, which is beneficial to the.3. of the stope roof management by drilling holes to peep the glue respectively. In the belt roadway, the maximum loosening range appears in the vicinity of the intersection of the cutting eyes and the roadway, which shows the phenomenon of multi layer loosening in the belt roadway. The loosening ring number has a decreasing trend and the loosening range shows a shrinking trend, but the loosening range also shows a shrinking trend. The near end position is affected by the stress concentration, the fissure near the coal wall is more developed. It is necessary to strengthen the theoretical calculation and the engineering analogy of the support.4. at both ends. It is considered that the reasonable support parameters of the top coal caving support in Wangjialing coal mine are as follows: choosing the ZF16000/23/43D type caving coal pressure support and designing the initial brace force of 12818 kN (P=31.5MPa). Resistance 16000k N (P=39.3MPa), support strength 1.5~1.55MPa, center distance of 1.75 m (width), width 1.66~1.86 m. According to the measured support resistance of the working face and the actual mining needs of the next working face, it is determined that although the current support has a certain surplus capacity, the support frame type is not reduced to reduce the optimization of.5. similar simulation and numerical simulation results. The roof collapse wave in the mining face is large, and the old roof rock block is not easy to form a stable masonry beam structure. The roof has obvious plate breaking characteristics, the displacement load of the face is large and the displacement of the two ends is small. The study of the overburden movement law influenced by the length of working face shows that when the length of working face is not at the same time, the displacement value of the monitoring point is along with the work. The study of the movement of overlying rock shows that the overlying rock movement shows a linear increase with the increase of the mining height. The study of the moving speed of the overlying strata and the law of overlying rock movement shows that the reduction of the overlying strata displacement by.6. is based on the theoretical analysis and the numerical simulation to get the first face. It is more reasonable to leave the 20~25m coal pillar. At the same time, on the basis of the analysis of the regularity of the ore pressure in the large mining face, the reasonable selection of the hydraulic support is carried out. The key technology of improving the recovery rate of coal resources based on the reasonable length of the working face and the selection of fully mechanized mining equipment is studied, and the effect is good in the field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TD355

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