本文選題：露天臺階爆破 + 高程差　； 參考：《江西理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對礦產(chǎn)資源的需求日愈增長,許多礦山都已進(jìn)入深部開采階段,露采產(chǎn)量占采礦總量的比重大,且接近40%的露天邊坡存在不同程度的穩(wěn)定性隱患。隨著開采深度增加,爆破振動隨高程差的增加出現(xiàn)放大效應(yīng)。為此,探討爆破地震波在傳播過程中的高程放大效應(yīng)機(jī)理及衰減規(guī)律,在保證最終邊坡安全的基礎(chǔ)上尋求經(jīng)濟(jì)合理的爆破開采技術(shù)具有重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)工程價(jià)值。本文結(jié)合波動理論研究露天臺階爆破振動的高程放大效應(yīng),通過對永平銅礦實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)分析表明,露天臺階爆破中高程差對地震波傳播的影響很大,薩道夫斯基公式?jīng)]有考慮高程差的影響,在永平銅礦的實(shí)際應(yīng)用中發(fā)現(xiàn)其衰減規(guī)律誤差較大;爆破振動高程放大效應(yīng)具有方向性,振幅在垂直方向的放大效應(yīng)更明顯且更加具有規(guī)律性,爆破振動的放大效應(yīng)幅度也要大于水平方向和徑向�；谀芰吭硌芯苛吮频卣鸩ㄔ诓煌l帶范圍的能量分布特征,發(fā)現(xiàn)在露天臺階爆破中,爆破地震波能量主要集中在0~40Hz范圍,平均占總能量的96%,隨著測點(diǎn)高程的增大,爆破地震波的能量在0~10Hz占的百分比越來越大,平均占總能量的51.46%。結(jié)合邊坡對不同頻率的諧波分量的響應(yīng)特征,提出了露天臺階爆破振動高程放大效應(yīng)機(jī)理是基于爆破地震波在不同介質(zhì)層中折射與反射疊加導(dǎo)致的高程放大效應(yīng)之上,隨著高程的增大,局部邊坡巖體與接近其固有頻率的諧波分量的共振,進(jìn)一步加劇了高程放大效應(yīng)的效果。由于爆破地震波的這種傳播疊加特性及層次分析法權(quán)重計(jì)算,得出露天邊坡的地質(zhì)條件對爆破振動高程放大效應(yīng)的影響最大,邊坡地質(zhì)條件好的高程放大效應(yīng)放大系數(shù)更高,不考慮地質(zhì)條件的影響下,高程差對高程放大效應(yīng)的影響權(quán)重最大。高程放大效應(yīng)還與露天臺階爆破的爆破參數(shù)、起爆方式、爆心距、高程差等因素相關(guān);隨著高程的增加放大系數(shù)逐漸增大,但不是單調(diào)增大的,當(dāng)高程達(dá)到106.67m時(shí)放大系數(shù)逐漸減小;隨著爆心距的逐漸增加,放大系數(shù)隨之減小;放大系數(shù)隨著單響最大起爆藥量的增加而單調(diào)增加;隨著爆源比例距離的增加,放大系數(shù)隨之增大,當(dāng)爆源比例距離增大到0.06858時(shí)放大系數(shù)增長緩慢且逐漸趨于平穩(wěn)。運(yùn)用量綱分析的原理構(gòu)建了考慮高程影響下的爆破振動速度變化閾值方程,結(jié)合實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算相對誤差。對比顯示,使用改進(jìn)后的爆破振動速度變化閾值方程對邊坡質(zhì)點(diǎn)振動速度進(jìn)行預(yù)測時(shí)相對誤差在9.91%~13.63%,要比薩道夫斯基公式預(yù)測的質(zhì)點(diǎn)爆破振動速度(相對誤差在27.64%~31.96%)更為準(zhǔn)確。能更加貼切的反映爆破振動在永平銅礦露天邊坡傳播過程中的高程放大效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand for mineral resources in the development of the national economy, many mines have entered the stage of deep mining, and the open pit production accounts for a large proportion of the total mining amount, and close to 40% of the open-pit slope has different degrees of stability hidden danger. With the increase of mining depth, the blasting vibration is magnified with the increase of height difference. Therefore, it is of great theoretical significance and practical engineering value to explore the mechanism of elevation amplification effect and attenuation law of blasting seismic wave in the process of propagation, and to seek economical and reasonable blasting mining technology on the basis of ensuring the safety of the final slope. In this paper, based on wave theory, the elevation amplification effect of open-air bench blasting vibration is studied. By analyzing the measured data of Yongping Copper Mine, it is shown that the height difference in open-pit bench blasting has a great influence on the propagation of seismic wave. In the practical application of Yongping Copper Mine, it is found that the error of attenuation law is large, the effect of blasting vibration height amplification is directional, the influence of height difference is not taken into account in the Saadolski formula. The amplification effect of the amplitude in the vertical direction is more obvious and regular, and the amplitude of the amplification effect of the blasting vibration is larger than that of the horizontal direction and the radial direction. Based on the energy principle, the energy distribution characteristics of blasting seismic waves in different frequency bands are studied. It is found that in open-pit bench blasting, the blasting seismic wave energy is mainly concentrated in the 0~40Hz range, which accounts for an average of 96% of the total energy. The energy of blasting seismic waves accounts for an increasing percentage of 0~10Hz, accounting for an average of 51.46% of the total energy. According to the characteristics of slope response to harmonic components of different frequencies, the mechanism of elevation amplification effect of open-air bench blasting vibration is proposed, which is based on the elevation amplification effect caused by the refraction and reflection superposition of blasting seismic waves in different media layers. With the increase of elevation, the resonance of local slope rock mass with harmonic components close to its natural frequency further intensifies the effect of elevation amplification. Because of the propagation superposition characteristic of blasting seismic wave and the calculation of analytic hierarchy process weight, it is concluded that the geological condition of open-pit slope has the greatest influence on the effect of blasting vibration elevation amplification, and the magnifying factor of elevation amplification effect with good geological condition of slope is even higher. Without considering the influence of geological conditions, the influence weight of elevation difference on elevation amplification is the largest. The effect of elevation amplification is also related to the blasting parameters, initiation mode, blasting center distance, height difference, etc. With the increase of elevation, the magnification factor increases gradually, but it is not monotonous. When the height reaches 106.67m, the magnification coefficient decreases gradually, the magnification coefficient decreases with the increasing of the center distance, the magnification coefficient increases monotonously with the increase of the maximum explosive quantity, the ratio of detonation source increases with the increase of the distance of detonation source. The magnification coefficient increases, and when the ratio of explosion source increases to 0.06858, the magnification coefficient increases slowly and tends to steady gradually. Based on the principle of dimensional analysis, the threshold equation of blasting vibration velocity change considering the influence of height is constructed, and the relative error is calculated by combining the measured data. The comparison shows that the relative error of the modified threshold equation of blasting vibration velocity in predicting the vibration velocity of the slope particle is 9.91 and 13.63. It is more accurate for the particle blasting vibration velocity (relative error is 27.64 ~ 31.96) to be predicted by Pizadowski's formula. It can better reflect the elevation amplification effect of blasting vibration in the process of open slope propagation in Yongping Copper Mine.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD854.2

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本文編號：1918075