本文選題：聯(lián)合反演 + 地震　； 參考：《中國石油大學(xué)(華東)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：在油氣勘探和開采中,利用地球物理數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)確的估算儲層參數(shù)是非常重要的。通過地震數(shù)據(jù)可以進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造成像以及儲層孔隙度的預(yù)測,但卻很難判斷構(gòu)造中的流體性質(zhì)。與此相反,海洋可控源電磁(CSEM)方法雖然不能很好地解決地質(zhì)構(gòu)造問題,但電阻率對于不同流體的飽和度卻非常敏感�？梢钥闯龊Ｑ罂煽卦措姶欧ê偷卣鹉軌蛱峁┗パa(bǔ)的勘探信息,因此本文開展基于儲層構(gòu)造約束的海洋可控源電磁場(CSEM)和地震全波形聯(lián)合反演方法研究,反演得到儲層的飽和度和孔隙度。海洋可控源電磁和地震方法得到的是不同物性參數(shù)的地球物理數(shù)據(jù),聯(lián)合反演時,通過巖石物理模型的建立,使二者具有相同的物性結(jié)構(gòu),由于巖石物理模型的不確定性,因此利用巖石物理實驗數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計分析結(jié)果進(jìn)行巖石物理建模研究,根據(jù)Archie公式得到了孔隙度和電阻率的關(guān)系表,歸納總結(jié)出樣品縱橫波速度與電阻率的線性關(guān)系式,并分析了不同壓強(qiáng)對巖石物理模型的影響,結(jié)果表明,每一塊樣品隨著壓強(qiáng)的增加速度和電阻率都會增大,并且每塊樣品在不同壓強(qiáng)下的速度和電阻率同樣有近似的線性關(guān)系。通過巖石物理模型,建立了基于儲層為目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向的正則化因子自適應(yīng)變化的海洋可控源電磁和地震聯(lián)合反演目標(biāo)函數(shù),目標(biāo)函數(shù)包括模型擬合項和模型約束項,提出了一種正則化因子自適應(yīng)調(diào)整方法,使正則化因子只與上次反演迭代所得的目標(biāo)函數(shù)值有關(guān),并且通過引入加權(quán)因子q,控制正則化因子中擬合項和模型約束項的比重,使聯(lián)合反演過程更加穩(wěn)定,在目標(biāo)函數(shù)中,巖石物理模型參數(shù)根據(jù)給定的判別標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行自動選取,提高了反演精度。通過一維理論模型聯(lián)合反演對比了模擬退火粒子群算法和非線性共軛梯度算法優(yōu)缺點,結(jié)果表明非線性共軛梯度法可以有效的提高反演速度,因此重點研究基于非線性共軛梯度法二維聯(lián)合反演,推導(dǎo)了地震和電磁梯度,并對測井約束和收斂標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行了討論,從二維理論模型反演結(jié)果可以看出聯(lián)合反演結(jié)果優(yōu)于單獨反演,能夠準(zhǔn)確的反映儲層物性,減少解的多解性,應(yīng)用該方法對我國華東某區(qū)的一條電磁和地震剖面進(jìn)行了聯(lián)合反演,可以看出反演結(jié)果與測井?dāng)?shù)據(jù)基本吻合,說明了本文提出的海洋可控源電磁和地震聯(lián)合反演方法可以更準(zhǔn)確的確定儲層參數(shù),提高鉆井成功率。
[Abstract]:In oil and gas exploration and exploitation, it is very important to use geophysical data to estimate reservoir parameters accurately. Accurate geological structure imaging and reservoir porosity prediction can be made by seismic data, but it is difficult to judge the fluid properties in the structure. On the contrary, although the ocean controllable source electromagnetic (CSEMM) method can not solve the problem of geological structure well, the resistivity is very sensitive to the saturation of different fluids. It can be seen that ocean controllable source electromagnetic method and earthquake can provide complementary exploration information. Therefore, this paper studies the joint inversion method of ocean controllable source electromagnetic field and seismic full waveform based on reservoir structure constraint. The saturation and porosity of the reservoir are obtained by inversion. The electromagnetic and seismic methods of ocean controllable source are geophysical data of different physical parameters. In the joint inversion, they have the same physical structure through the establishment of rock physical model, because of the uncertainty of rock physical model. Therefore, based on the statistical analysis of the experimental data of rock physics, the modeling of rock physics is carried out. According to the Archie formula, the relationship between porosity and resistivity is obtained, and the linear relationship between the velocity of longitudinal and shear wave and the resistivity of the sample is summarized. The influence of different pressures on the rock physical model is analyzed. The results show that the velocity and resistivity of each sample increase with the increase of pressure, and the linear relationship between the velocity and resistivity of each sample under different pressures is similar. Based on the petrophysical model, an objective function for the joint inversion of ocean controllable sources, electromagnetic and seismic, is established, which is based on the adaptive change of the regularization factor of reservoir orientation. The objective function includes the model fitting term and the model constraint term. In this paper, an adaptive regularization factor adjustment method is proposed, in which the regularization factor is only related to the objective function value obtained from the last inversion iteration, and the weight factor is introduced to control the proportion of the fitting term and the model constraint term in the regularization factor. The joint inversion process is more stable. In the objective function, the parameters of the rock physical model are automatically selected according to the given criteria, and the inversion accuracy is improved. The advantages and disadvantages of simulated annealing particle swarm optimization algorithm and nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithm are compared through one-dimensional theoretical model inversion. The results show that the nonlinear conjugate gradient method can effectively improve the inversion speed. Therefore, based on nonlinear conjugate gradient method, 2-D joint inversion, seismic and electromagnetic gradient are derived, and logging constraints and convergence criteria are discussed. From the inversion results of 2-D theoretical model, we can see that the joint inversion results are superior to the single inversion results, which can accurately reflect the reservoir physical properties and reduce the multi-solution properties of the solutions. Using this method, a joint inversion of an electromagnetic and seismic section in a certain area of East China is carried out. It can be seen that the inversion results are basically consistent with the logging data. The results show that the proposed joint inversion method of ocean controllable source electromagnetic and seismic can determine reservoir parameters more accurately and improve the success rate of drilling.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631

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本文編號：1868675