本文選題：環(huán)境保護(hù) + 矸石充填�。� 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：由于當(dāng)下環(huán)境問題日益突出，經(jīng)濟(jì)的不可持續(xù)發(fā)展為環(huán)境付出的代價(jià)也越來越大，環(huán)境保護(hù)越來越受到國(guó)家和人民的重視。本文從環(huán)境保護(hù)的大角度出發(fā)，建議將矸石回填采空區(qū)，不僅能解決矸石山堆放引起的一系列環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)安全問題，還能維護(hù)采空區(qū)穩(wěn)定性，使得地表沉陷得以緩解，地下水損失大幅降低，保障井下作業(yè)人員及設(shè)備的安全，而且可以在矸石充填置換下，將“三下”煤采出，產(chǎn)生巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。矸石回填采空區(qū)有多種形式，由于沿空留巷可大幅度提高煤炭回收率、降低回采巷道掘進(jìn)率、緩解采掘緊張關(guān)系、實(shí)現(xiàn)Y型通風(fēng)解決上隅角瓦斯集聚問題等優(yōu)點(diǎn)[1-2]，因此本文重點(diǎn)探索將煤矸石回填做沿空留巷巷旁充填材料，這樣不僅起到了減少矸石、保護(hù)環(huán)境的目的，也可汲取沿空留巷的眾多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，兼顧環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)效益。 沿空留巷的成功需要巷內(nèi)支護(hù)和巷旁支護(hù)相互協(xié)調(diào)，大結(jié)構(gòu)與小結(jié)構(gòu)的相互配合，充填體變形與煤幫和頂板變形相適應(yīng)。矸石由于就地取材，被用作巷旁充填材料由來已久，但是由于矸石帶受載后壓縮量大，沒有足夠的切頂阻力不能及時(shí)有效切斷頂板，運(yùn)輸消耗大量的人力物力，不能及時(shí)承載且護(hù)巷效果差等缺點(diǎn)一直得不到有效解決，，所以矸石充填體逐漸被淘汰。隨著環(huán)境問題的日益突出和煤炭資源瀕臨枯竭，矸石回填再一次引起了人們研究的必要，但是如何提高矸石承載力是解決矸石能否成功護(hù)巷的關(guān)鍵，本文利用理論分析、相似模擬、實(shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)驗(yàn)、數(shù)值模擬、實(shí)地礦壓觀測(cè)等方式重點(diǎn)探索了在山西天一煤礦3102工作面矸石做沿空留巷巷旁充填體時(shí)錨桿傾角，矸石裝袋量，矸石袋堆砌方式和矸石充填體寬高比對(duì)留巷穩(wěn)定性的影響，提出了提高矸石承載力的合理組合設(shè)計(jì)并檢驗(yàn)了其承載效果，為保護(hù)環(huán)境實(shí)現(xiàn)矸石回填提供了可參考的技術(shù)路線。
[Abstract]:Due to the increasingly prominent environmental problems, the unsustainable development of the economy is paying more and more attention to the environment, and environmental protection has been paid more and more attention by the country and the people. In this paper, from the point of view of environmental protection, it is suggested that the backfilling of gangue can not only solve a series of environmental and economic safety problems caused by the dumping of gangue mountains, but also maintain the stability of the goaf, so that the surface subsidence can be alleviated. The loss of underground water is greatly reduced to ensure the safety of underground workers and equipment, and the "three bottom" coal can be extracted under the replacement of gangue filling, which has great economic benefits. There are many forms of gangue backfilling goaf, because the coal recovery rate can be greatly increased, the tunneling rate of mining roadway can be reduced, and the tension of mining can be alleviated because the roadway along the gob can be greatly increased. Realizing the advantage of Y type ventilation to solve the problem of gas accumulation in upper corner [1-2], so this paper focuses on exploring the backfilling of coal gangue as filling material beside roadway along the gob, which not only has the purpose of reducing gangue and protecting the environment, but also protecting the environment. Can also learn from the many advantages along the gob, taking into account the environment, economic and social benefits. The success of retaining roadway along the gob requires the coordination of the support in the roadway and the support beside the roadway, the mutual cooperation between the large structure and the small structure, and the deformation of the filling body adapted to the deformation of the coal side and the roof. Gangue has been used as filling material by roadway for a long time, but because of the large compression of gangue belt after loading, the roof can not be cut off in time and effectively without enough roof cutting resistance, and transportation consumes a lot of manpower and material resources. The defects such as not carrying in time and poor effect of protecting roadway can not be solved effectively, so gangue filling body is gradually eliminated. With the increasingly prominent environmental problems and the imminent depletion of coal resources, it is necessary for people to study the backfilling of gangue again. However, how to improve the bearing capacity of gangue is the key to solve the problem whether gangue can successfully protect roadways. Similar simulation, laboratory experiment, numerical simulation, field pressure observation and so on, the emphasis is to explore the angle of bolt inclination and the amount of waste bagging when the gangue of 3102 face in Tianyi Coal Mine, Shanxi Province, is used to fill the side of roadway along the goaf. This paper puts forward a reasonable combination design to improve the bearing capacity of gangue and tests its bearing effect, which provides a reference technical route for realizing the backfill of gangue for protecting the environment by the influence of the stacking mode of gangue bag and the ratio of width to height of gangue backfill on the stability of roadway.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD353

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