本文選題：接續(xù)回采 + 礦壓特征�。� 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：近些年,隨著我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)快速、穩(wěn)健發(fā)展,石油、天然氣等重要能源的開發(fā)與開采強(qiáng)度日益提高,而煤炭資源作為重要能源之一,在推動經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的過程中,發(fā)揮著日益重要的推動作用;由于煤炭開采強(qiáng)度的不斷加大,使得多數(shù)礦井煤層開采方式逐漸由傳統(tǒng)“跳采”向“接續(xù)回采”轉(zhuǎn)變,引起工作面接續(xù)緊張,礦壓顯現(xiàn)強(qiáng)烈;此時,接續(xù)工作面能否實(shí)現(xiàn)“安全、高效”回采,很大程度上取決于工作面間區(qū)段煤柱的穩(wěn)定性,因此,采用多種研究手段,探究接續(xù)回采綜放面、回采巷道礦壓顯現(xiàn)特征及成因,獲得煤柱垂直應(yīng)力場分布特征,建立煤柱穩(wěn)定性力學(xué)條件,分析煤柱穩(wěn)定性主要影響因素,揭示煤柱穩(wěn)定性演化規(guī)律,確定煤柱合理留設(shè)方式,對進(jìn)行類似工況條件下煤柱留設(shè)研究,實(shí)現(xiàn)礦井高效生產(chǎn)和促進(jìn)我國經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定、健康發(fā)展具有重要推導(dǎo)意義。論文以騰暉礦接續(xù)回采綜放面與區(qū)段煤柱為工程背景,綜合采用現(xiàn)場調(diào)研、現(xiàn)場實(shí)測、室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)、數(shù)值模擬、理論分析與工程類比研究手段,對上述主要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行較深入研究,獲得主要如下成果:(1)通過現(xiàn)場調(diào)研,結(jié)合騰暉礦工程地質(zhì)條件,采用估算法,得到了接續(xù)回采綜放面支架架型:采用整體頂梁結(jié)構(gòu)的正四柱式放頂煤支架,支架設(shè)計(jì)工作阻力為6000KN,確定了綜放面基本參數(shù):長度為155m,推進(jìn)長度563m,采煤機(jī)截深600mm,采放比1:1.16,放煤步距0.675~0.945,為探究接續(xù)綜放面礦壓顯現(xiàn)特征提供了合理分析依據(jù)。(2)探究了綜放面“三測區(qū)”頂板來壓,支架受力,立柱受力以及單體支柱受力特征,接續(xù)面礦壓顯現(xiàn)特征表現(xiàn)為:各測區(qū),由下至上來壓動載系數(shù)依次增大,礦壓顯現(xiàn)劇烈程度依次增高,工作面基本頂最小周期來壓步距6.6m,最大周期來壓步距17.6m,平均周期來壓步距11.88m,工作面頂板垮落步距范圍約8.5~15.55m,垮落步距范圍與綜放工作面周期來壓步距較為吻合,超前支承壓力峰值位置約44.05m,工作面支架工作狀態(tài)較穩(wěn)定,采動壓力疊加效應(yīng)與支架較低初撐力是上部測區(qū)來壓程度較高的主要因素。支架初撐力頻度與循環(huán)末阻力頻度呈近似“正態(tài)分布”演化規(guī)律,支架工作狀態(tài)較穩(wěn)定,工作阻力有一定富余,采動壓力疊加與支架低初撐力是上部測區(qū)來壓強(qiáng)度劇烈的主要因素。前柱與后柱受力特性總體呈現(xiàn)較均衡性,局部出現(xiàn)前柱平均受力低于后柱,后柱受力不明顯等反常特殊現(xiàn)象接續(xù)回采綜放面“三區(qū)”礦壓顯現(xiàn)特征的形成,為進(jìn)行雙側(cè)回采巷道礦壓顯現(xiàn)特征,與區(qū)段煤柱垂直應(yīng)力場分布特征分析提供了重要依據(jù)。(3)采用室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)研究與工程類比方法,2-103工作面煤巖層物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)為:煤層物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)較差,煤質(zhì)偏軟,頂板巖層物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)較好,穩(wěn)定性較高,煤巖樣抗剪強(qiáng)度與剪切角度呈負(fù)相關(guān),煤樣抗剪強(qiáng)度受剪切角度影響程度明顯高于巖樣;運(yùn)用鉆孔應(yīng)力監(jiān)測系統(tǒng),對原留設(shè)寬度煤柱垂直應(yīng)力場進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場實(shí)測,監(jiān)測結(jié)果表明,煤柱支承壓力影響深度約9m,監(jiān)測范圍內(nèi)應(yīng)力場可近似劃分為應(yīng)力降低區(qū)、應(yīng)力升高區(qū)與彈性核區(qū),可推知煤柱內(nèi)部應(yīng)力總體呈“雙峰”分布特征;雙側(cè)回采巷道礦壓顯現(xiàn)特征,在時間與空間上具有同步性,但礦壓顯現(xiàn)劇烈程度存在顯著差異性,鄰近回采巷道支護(hù)軸向受力明顯較高,是工作面推進(jìn)速率、老頂巖梁運(yùn)動狀態(tài)、支承壓力分布規(guī)律等多因素共同作用的結(jié)果。(4)采用現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測手段,通過分析接續(xù)綜放面回采過程中,雙側(cè)回采巷道錨桿(索)受力、圍巖表面位移以及頂板離層演化特征,得到了回采巷道礦壓顯現(xiàn)特征,表現(xiàn)為:兩巷支護(hù)軸力曲線整體呈現(xiàn)“凸變”和“凹變”演化特征,正巷支護(hù)受力曲線“凸變”和“凹變”幅度高于副巷;正巷支護(hù)受力、圍巖位移程度較高與綜放面上部測區(qū)來壓劇烈程度高相一致,副巷支護(hù)受力與圍巖位移程度低與下部測區(qū)來壓劇烈程度低相一致,表明了礦壓監(jiān)測結(jié)果的合理性與可靠性。正巷圍巖變形破壞主要受接續(xù)工作面采動影響,原支護(hù)方案與現(xiàn)有煤柱留設(shè)寬度,能夠較好維護(hù)巷道掘采期間圍巖穩(wěn)定,煤柱寬度具有一定優(yōu)化空間。(5)結(jié)合煤柱賦存特征,采用理論研究手段,基于突變理論尖點(diǎn)突變模型,結(jié)合泛函變分原理與彈塑性力學(xué)能量原理,構(gòu)建了雙側(cè)采空區(qū)段煤柱總勢能函數(shù),揭示了彈塑性系統(tǒng)能量原理中駐值原理,與突變理論平衡曲面(臨界點(diǎn)曲面)構(gòu)造的相對應(yīng)性,以及最小勢能原理與突變理論中的分叉點(diǎn)集判別表達(dá)式具有的相關(guān)性,是區(qū)段煤柱穩(wěn)定性力學(xué)判據(jù)建立的重要依據(jù)。根據(jù)區(qū)段煤柱總勢能函數(shù),得到了煤柱臨界失穩(wěn)狀態(tài)的力學(xué)判據(jù)、煤柱穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)力學(xué)判據(jù)以及煤柱失穩(wěn)狀態(tài)力學(xué)判據(jù),探究了煤柱穩(wěn)定性的主要影響因素,為煤柱穩(wěn)定性演化規(guī)律分析提供了理論依據(jù)。煤柱穩(wěn)定性影響因素,主要包括煤柱高度,煤柱承受上覆巖層載荷、煤柱內(nèi)部弱面傾角、煤柱彈性區(qū)與塑性區(qū)的寬度以及剛度比值,隨著上覆巖層載荷增加,煤柱從穩(wěn)定承載狀態(tài)向失穩(wěn)狀態(tài)逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變,煤柱失穩(wěn)后,煤體呈現(xiàn)出“壓硬性”特征,這一過程體現(xiàn)了尖點(diǎn)型突變模型的“突跳性”,煤柱穩(wěn)定性與傾角呈負(fù)相關(guān),隨著角度增加不穩(wěn)定程度逐漸提高,與室內(nèi)煤巖樣穩(wěn)定性隨剪切角度增加而降低的演化特征相類似;隨著剛度比K增加,煤柱穩(wěn)定性也逐漸提高。(6)數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果表明,接續(xù)工作面對煤柱穩(wěn)定性的采動影響與弱面傾角呈正相關(guān),弱面傾角逐漸增加,穩(wěn)定性不斷降低,垂直應(yīng)力場分布形態(tài)整體逐漸由“雙峰”向“單峰”逼近,塑性屈服區(qū)擴(kuò)延程度逐漸提高,彈性核區(qū)寬度逐漸降低,煤柱側(cè)幫位移具有不同形式與程度的變化和提高;演化特征與室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)煤樣抗剪強(qiáng)度與剪切角度增加呈負(fù)相關(guān)相一致,同理論研究結(jié)論較吻合,驗(yàn)證了數(shù)值分析結(jié)果具有一定合理性。(7)煤柱高度增加提高了接續(xù)工作面對煤柱穩(wěn)定性的采動影響程度,兩側(cè)幫抵抗撓曲變形的能力逐漸降低,煤柱內(nèi)部塑性屈服區(qū)有一定程度的擴(kuò)延,垂直應(yīng)力峰值向煤體內(nèi)部具有不同程度轉(zhuǎn)移,彈性核區(qū)寬度隨煤柱高度的增加具有一定程度降低,煤幫位移量也具有不同程度增加;綜合對比煤柱寬度、弱面傾角以及煤柱高度變化過程中塑性區(qū)、垂直應(yīng)力場以及位移場演化特征,相鄰工作面接續(xù)回采后對煤柱穩(wěn)定性受巷道高度影響程度相對較低。(8)隨著埋深逐漸增加,煤柱穩(wěn)定性不斷降低,接續(xù)工作面二次采動影響程度提高,煤柱非塑性區(qū)域逐漸縮小,煤柱兩側(cè)垂直應(yīng)力峰值位置逐漸轉(zhuǎn)移,彈性核區(qū)寬度減小,巷道頂板巖層、幫部煤體與底板巖層位移具有不同程度的增加,本工作面煤柱側(cè)幫水平位移逐漸提高并大于上區(qū)段工作面煤柱側(cè)幫水平位移,區(qū)段煤柱兩側(cè)幫表面水平位移隨埋深的加大逐漸接近。(9)數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果表明,接續(xù)回采綜放面區(qū)段煤柱留設(shè)應(yīng)綜合考慮相鄰工作面巷道開挖和接續(xù)面回采對區(qū)段煤柱穩(wěn)定性綜合采動影響程度,宜選取寬煤柱留設(shè)方式,留設(shè)寬度范圍為15m~23m,為提高煤炭資源回采效率,合理煤柱留設(shè)寬度為19m。接續(xù)回采綜放面區(qū)段煤柱穩(wěn)定性受煤柱寬度、煤柱內(nèi)部弱面傾角以及煤柱埋深影響程度較高,煤柱高度對穩(wěn)定性影響程度相對較低,數(shù)值模擬與理論研究結(jié)果具有一定程度上的一致性。(10)采用塑性區(qū)理論計(jì)算法與載荷估算法,所得煤柱留設(shè)寬度理論值與數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果較為接近,進(jìn)一步獲得合理煤柱留設(shè)寬度范圍為19m~21m,確定接續(xù)回采綜放工作面區(qū)段煤柱合理留設(shè)寬度為19m�，F(xiàn)場應(yīng)用表明,煤柱寬度優(yōu)化后,仍能較好維護(hù)接續(xù)綜放面推進(jìn)過程中,回采巷道圍巖的穩(wěn)定性,提高了煤炭資源回收效率,滿足了礦井“安全、高效”的生產(chǎn)要求。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid and steady development of our national economy, the development and mining intensity of important energy sources, such as oil and gas are increasing, and coal resources, as one of the important energy sources, play an increasingly important role in promoting economic development. Because of the increasing intensity of coal mining, most coal mines have been made. The mining mode is gradually changed from the traditional "jump mining" to "continuous recovery", which causes the continuous tension of the working face and the intensity of the ore pressure. At this time, the stability of the coal pillar is largely determined by the "safe and efficient" recovery of the continuous working face. Therefore, a variety of research means is adopted to explore the continuous mining fully mechanized caving face and return. The vertical stress field distribution characteristics of coal pillar are obtained, the characteristics of vertical stress field distribution of coal pillar are obtained, the stability mechanics condition of coal pillar is established, the main influencing factors of the stability of coal pillar are analyzed, the evolution law of the stability of coal pillar is revealed, the rational retention mode of coal pillar is determined, and the study on the retention of coal pillar under the condition of similar working conditions is carried out to realize the efficient production and promotion of the mine. China's economic stability and healthy development have important derivation significance. In this paper, with the engineering background of fully mechanized caving face and Qu Duanmei column in Tenghui mining, the main contents of the main contents are studied by field survey, field measurement, indoor test, numerical simulation, theoretical analysis and engineering analogy. 1) through the field investigation and combined with the engineering geological conditions of Tenghui mine, the support frame of the fully mechanized caving face is obtained by using the estimation method. The four column top coal caving support with the whole roof structure is used. The design resistance of the support is 6000KN. The basic parameters of the fully mechanized caving face are determined: the length is 155m, the propelling length is 563m, the cutting depth of the coal mining machine is 600mm, the production and discharge ratio 1:1. 16, the coal step distance 0.675~0.945 provides a reasonable analysis basis for exploring the characteristics of the ore pressure of the fully mechanized caving face. (2) to explore the top plate pressure of the "three measuring areas" of the fully mechanized caving face, the force of the support, the force of the column and the stress characteristics of the single pillar, and the characteristics of the pressure manifestation of the continuous surface are as follows: the pressure dynamic load coefficient in each test area is increased in turn and the ore pressure is in turn. The intensity of the apparent intensity is increased in turn, the minimum period of the basic top of the working face is 6.6m, the maximum period is 17.6m, the average period is 11.88m, the range of the roof caving distance is about 8.5~15.55m, and the range of the fall distance is in agreement with the cycle distance of the fully mechanized caving face, and the peak position of the forward support pressure is about 44.05m. The working state of the support is more stable, the superposition effect of the mining pressure and the lower bracing force of the support are the main factors of the higher pressure degree in the upper test area. The frequency of the bracing force and the frequency of the end resistance of the support are approximately "normal distribution", and the working state of the support is more stable, the working resistance has some surplus, the overlay of the working pressure is superimposed and the support is low. The initial bracing force is the main factor of the intense pressure in the upper test area. The stress characteristics of the front column and the rear column are generally more balanced, the local front column average force is lower than the rear column and the rear column is not obvious. It provides an important basis for the analysis of the vertical stress field distribution characteristics of the section coal pillar. (3) the physical and mechanical properties of the coal strata in the 2-103 working face are: the physical and mechanical properties of the coal seam are poor, the coal quality is soft, the physical and mechanical properties of the roof rock are better, the stability is higher, the shear strength and shear angle of the coal and rock samples are the shear strength and the shear angle. The degree of shear strength of coal samples is significantly higher than that of rock samples. The vertical stress field of the original width coal pillar is measured by the borehole stress monitoring system. The monitoring results show that the depth of supporting pressure of the coal pillar is about 9m, and the stress field in the monitoring range can be approximately divided into the stress reduction area and the stress elevation area. With the elastic core area, it can be concluded that the internal stress in the coal pillar is generally "Shuangfeng" distribution characteristics, and the characteristics of the ore pressure in the bilateral mining roadway have the characteristics of synchronism in time and space, but there are significant differences in the intensity of the ore pressure, and the axial stress of the adjacent mining roadway is obviously higher. It is the advancing speed of the working face and the movement state of the old roof rock beam. (4) by means of on-site monitoring, through the analysis of the stress of the bolt (cable), the displacement of the surrounding rock surface and the evolution characteristics of the roof separation in the recovery of the fully mechanized caving face, the characteristics of the ore pressure in the mining roadway are obtained, which are shown as follows: the axial force curve of the two roadway support is the whole. With the characteristics of "convex change" and "concave change", the amplitude of "convex change" and "concave change" of the supporting force curve of the roadway is higher than that of the vice alley. It shows the rationality and reliability of the monitoring results of mine pressure. The deformation and failure of the surrounding rock of the roadway is mainly affected by the mining of the continuous working face, the original support scheme and the existing coal pillar width are retained, which can better maintain the stability of the surrounding rock during the mining and mining, and the width of the coal pillar has a certain optimization space. (5) combining the characteristics of the coal pillar, the theoretical research means is adopted. The total potential energy function of the coal pillar in both sides of the goaf is constructed in combination with the functional variational principle and the principle of elastoplastic mechanical energy, which reveals the principle of the stationing in the energy principle of the elastoplastic system, the relative stress of the equilibrium surface (critical point surface), and the principle of minimum potential energy and the catastrophe theory. The correlation of the discriminant expression of the bifurcation point set is an important basis for the establishment of the stability mechanics criterion of the section coal pillar. According to the total potential energy function of the section coal pillar, the mechanical criterion of the critical instability state of the coal pillar, the mechanical criterion of the stability state of the coal pillar and the criterion of the instability state of the coal pillar are obtained, and the main influence of the stability of the coal pillar is explored. It provides a theoretical basis for the analysis of the stability evolution of the coal pillar. The factors affecting the stability of the pillar include the height of the pillar, the loading of the overlying strata on the pillar, the angle of the weak surface in the coal pillar, the ratio of the width and stiffness of the elastic zone to the plastic zone, and the stability of the coal pillar to the unstable state with the increase of the load of the overlying strata. Gradually change, after the coal pillar is unstable, the coal body presents the "pressure hard" characteristic. This process embodies the "sudden jump" of the cusp model. The stability of the coal column is negatively correlated with the dip angle. With the increase of the angle, the instability degree increases gradually, which is similar to the evolution characteristics of the stability of the coal and rock samples with the increase of shear angle. The stability of coal pillar is increased gradually as stiffness ratio K increases. (6) the results of numerical simulation show that the effect of recovery on the stability of coal pillar has a positive correlation with the weak angle of the coal pillar, the weak angle gradually increases and the stability decreases, and the distribution of vertical stress field is gradually approaching from "Shuangfeng" to "single peak", and the expansion of plastic yield zone is extended. The width of the elastic core area is gradually increased, the width of the elastic core area is gradually reduced, and the lateral displacement of the coal pillar has different forms and degrees of change and improvement. The evolution characteristics are in agreement with the increase of shear strength and shear angle in the laboratory test, which is in agreement with the theoretical research conclusion, which proves that the results of numerical analysis are reasonable. (7) the height of the coal pillar is increased. With the increase of the effect of the recovery on the stability of the coal pillar, the ability of both sides to resist flexure deformation gradually decreases, the plastic yield zone in the coal pillar has a certain degree of expansion, the peak of the vertical stress is transferred to the coal body, and the width of the elastic core area decreases to a certain extent with the increase of the height of the coal column. The displacement is also increased in varying degrees; the comprehensive comparison of the width of the coal pillar, the weak angle of the weak surface and the evolution of the plastic zone, the vertical stress field and the displacement field in the process of the height change of the coal pillar, and the relative low influence of the stability of the coal pillar on the stability of the coal pillar after the successive recovery of the adjacent working face. (8) the stability of the pillar is constantly increasing with the gradual increase of the buried depth. In addition, the effect of two times on the mining face increased, the non plastic area of the pillar gradually reduced, the peak position of vertical stress shifted gradually on both sides of the pillar, the width of the elastic core area decreased, the roof rock of the roadway, the displacement of the coal body and the bottom rock layer increased in different degrees, and the horizontal displacement of the side side of the coal pillar was gradually increased and greater than that of the coal pillar. The horizontal displacement of coal pillar side helps the horizontal displacement of the coal pillar on both sides of the section. (9) the numerical simulation results show that the retention of the coal pillar in the section of the continuous mining fully mechanized caving face should take into consideration the comprehensive mining influence degree on the stability of the coal pillar of the adjacent working face, which should be selected. The width of the width of the wide coal pillar is 15m~23m, in order to improve the coal mining efficiency. The reasonable coal pillar retention width is 19m. continuous mining fully mechanized coal pillar, the stability of the coal pillar is affected by the width of the pillar, the weak angle inside the coal pillar and the depth of the coal pillar's buried depth is higher, the influence degree of the coal column height to the stability is relatively low, and the numerical simulation and the numerical simulation The theoretical results are consistent to a certain extent. (10) the theoretical calculation method of plastic zone and the load estimation method, the theoretical value of the retention width of the coal pillar is close to the numerical simulation results, and the reasonable width of the retention of the coal pillar is 19m~21m, and the rational retention width of the coal pillar in the continuous recovery recovery working face area is 19m.. The field application shows that after the coal pillar width is optimized, it can still maintain the stability of the surrounding rock in the mining roadway, improve the efficiency of coal resource recovery, and meet the production requirements of "safe and efficient" in the mine.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD32

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