本文選題：地浸鈾礦 + 氡析出　； 參考：《南華大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：地浸采鈾技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)鈾礦開采相比,減少了地面污染的尾礦壩和廢石場,具有明顯的環(huán)保優(yōu)勢,但對環(huán)境的影響有其自身的特性,其中地浸采鈾過程中氡氣析出所致的輻射影響不可忽視,給鈾礦工作人員和周圍公眾帶來潛在的輻射風(fēng)險,照射途徑為空氣吸入內(nèi)照射,形成長期的放射性危害。因此,研究地浸鈾礦氡的析出特征,并分析所致的輻射劑量程度,為地浸鈾礦氡析出輻射防護(hù)提供科學(xué)依據(jù),對保護(hù)環(huán)境、人員健康具有重要的意義。本文以新疆某地浸鈾礦為研究對象,對地浸鈾礦進(jìn)行環(huán)境空氣中氡濃度、氡析出率調(diào)查和監(jiān)測,掌握氡的析出特征,并采用UAIR-FINE軟件模擬得到了集液池、蒸發(fā)池所致周圍20km范圍內(nèi)各子區(qū)的氡濃度貢獻(xiàn)值分布、公眾個人劑量分布、公眾集體劑量以及5km范圍內(nèi)的公眾個人劑量等值線,分析氡析出對工作人員和周圍公眾的影響。主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)氡監(jiān)測結(jié)果表明,監(jiān)測值均在有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)約束值以下,水冶車間二樓氡濃度明顯高于其他樓層,最高達(dá)438Bq/m3,主要是吸附塔內(nèi)液體在二樓的流量和含鈾溶液均最多,容易導(dǎo)致氡氣析出;集液池是地浸鈾礦山氡氣析出的主要污染源項,并且溫度升高會促進(jìn)浸出液表面氡的析出;通過偏安全估算,地浸鈾礦山氡析出量遠(yuǎn)小于傳統(tǒng)鈾礦山。(2)估算水冶車間工作人員的最大個人輻射劑量為2.01mSv/a,低于國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值,對工作人員影響不大。(3)氡濃度及劑量分布結(jié)果表明,同一個方位下,隨著距離的增加,氡濃度貢獻(xiàn)值逐漸減小,且在5km內(nèi),濃度下降梯度較大;受風(fēng)頻影響,公眾劑量等值線在西方向、西北方向比較分散,下降梯度較小;集液池、蒸發(fā)池位于盛行風(fēng)向的下風(fēng)向,距離較近的居民點位于上風(fēng)向,并且下風(fēng)向的居民點均位于10km以外,鈾礦合理的地理規(guī)劃布局減輕了污染源項對公眾的影響。所致氡濃度貢獻(xiàn)值、公眾個人劑量最大值均出現(xiàn)在集液池的W方位,而所致關(guān)鍵居民點的公眾個人劑量最大值位于集液池的E方位、2km~3km的子區(qū),位于A村,為0.00171mSv/a;所致周圍20km范圍內(nèi)的公眾集體劑量為4.55×10-3人·Sv/a,均低于各項標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值,對公眾影響較小,符合輻射防護(hù)要求。(4)針對地浸鈾礦的特點提出了合理的氡析出輻射防護(hù)建議。
[Abstract]:Compared with traditional uranium mining, in-situ leaching uranium mining technology has obvious advantages of environmental protection, but has its own characteristics of environmental impact, which reduces the surface pollution of tailings dams and waste quarries. The radiation effect caused by radon precipitation during in-situ uranium leaching can not be ignored, which brings potential radiation risk to uranium mine workers and the surrounding public. The way of exposure is air inhalation internal irradiation, which forms long-term radiation hazard. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the characteristics of radon exhalation in in-situ leaching uranium mine and analyze the radiation dose level, which provides a scientific basis for the radiation protection of radon exhalation in in-situ leaching uranium mine and is of great significance to the protection of environment and the health of personnel. In this paper, the concentration of radon in ambient air and radon exhalation rate are investigated and monitored, the characteristics of radon exhalation are grasped, and the liquid collecting tank is obtained by UAIR-FINE software simulation. The distribution of radon concentration contribution value, public individual dose distribution, public collective dose and public personal dose isoline caused by the evaporation pool in the 20km area around the evaporator were analyzed. The effects of radon emission on the workers and the surrounding public were analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the radon monitoring results show that the monitoring values are below the relevant standard constraint values, and the radon concentration on the second floor of the hydrometallurgical workshop is obviously higher than that on the other floors. The maximum is 438Bq / m3, mainly because the liquid in the adsorption tower has the most liquid flow on the second floor and the uranium-containing solution, and the liquid collecting tank is the main source of radon precipitation in the uranium mine mountain, and the increase of temperature will promote the radon release on the surface of leaching solution. Based on the partial safety estimation, radon emission from in-situ leaching uranium mine is much smaller than that from traditional uranium mine.) the maximum personal radiation dose of workers in hydrometallurgical workshop is estimated to be 2.01mSv / a, which is lower than the national standard limit. The results of radon concentration and dose distribution showed that under the same azimuth, the radon concentration contribution value gradually decreased with the increase of distance, and in 5km, the decrease gradient of radon concentration was larger, which was influenced by wind frequency. The isoline of the public dose is scattered in the west direction and the northwest direction, and the descending gradient is smaller; the liquid collecting pool and evaporation pool are located in the downwind direction of prevailing wind direction, and the nearby residential areas are located in the upper wind direction, and all the downwind settlement areas are located outside of 10km. The rational geographical layout of uranium mine mitigates the impact of pollution sources on the public. The maximum value of the individual dose of radon concentration was found in the W direction of the liquid collecting pool, while the maximum value of the individual dose in the key residential area was located in the sub-area of 2km / 3km in E azimuth of the liquid collecting pool and located in village A. For 0.00171 mSv / a, the collective dose in the range of 20km is 4.55 脳 10 ~ (-3) person, which is below the standard limit, and has little influence on the public, and meets the requirements of radiation protection.) in view of the characteristics of in-situ uranium leaching, the paper puts forward reasonable suggestions for the radiation protection of radon exhalation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TD868

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