本文選題：柔性導(dǎo)軌 + 礦井提升��； 參考：《中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：礦井提升系統(tǒng)是連接礦山井下生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)和地面工業(yè)廣場(chǎng)的紐帶,素有礦井生產(chǎn)的咽喉之稱。提升容器在井筒內(nèi)運(yùn)行需設(shè)導(dǎo)向裝置,提升容器的導(dǎo)向裝置可分為剛性導(dǎo)軌和柔性導(dǎo)軌兩大類。與剛性導(dǎo)軌相比,柔性導(dǎo)軌具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、安裝方便、節(jié)省鋼材、施工期短、通風(fēng)阻力小、使用壽命長(zhǎng)、后期維護(hù)工作量小等諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。然而柔性導(dǎo)軌提升容器橫向擺動(dòng)受到提升速度、通風(fēng)速度、張緊力及容器終端質(zhì)量等因素的影響,其擺動(dòng)行為十分復(fù)雜,對(duì)柔性導(dǎo)軌提升容器橫向擺動(dòng)行為缺乏系統(tǒng)研究。如何在考慮容器提升速度、井筒通風(fēng)和柔性導(dǎo)軌張緊力等諸多實(shí)際影響因素的條件下,獲得柔性軌道提升容器在運(yùn)行過程中的擺動(dòng)行為,并最終合理確定柔性軌道提升系統(tǒng)的規(guī)劃布局成為困擾業(yè)界數(shù)十年的難題。目前國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)于柔性導(dǎo)軌礦井提升系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)主要依據(jù)《煤礦安全規(guī)程》、GB 50830-2013《冶金礦山采礦設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》、GB 50771-2012《有色金屬采礦設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》及GB 16423-2006《金屬非金屬礦山安全規(guī)程》等國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中關(guān)于柔性導(dǎo)軌井筒布局安全間隙的統(tǒng)一規(guī)定,安全間隙的確定尚無科學(xué)合理的理論依據(jù)。本文對(duì)柔性軌道提升系統(tǒng)的橫向擺動(dòng)行為進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究,旨在提出一種預(yù)測(cè)柔性導(dǎo)軌提升容器橫向擺動(dòng)行為的方法,揭示柔性導(dǎo)軌礦井提升容器的擺動(dòng)機(jī)理。由于柔性導(dǎo)軌、提升鋼絲繩與平衡尾繩本質(zhì)上為無窮多自由度的連續(xù)體,將其視為連續(xù)體計(jì)算提升容器的擺動(dòng)行為極難實(shí)現(xiàn),為此本文首先對(duì)柔性導(dǎo)軌提升系統(tǒng)橫向擺動(dòng)的等效質(zhì)量及等效剛度進(jìn)行研究�；谌鹄芰糠▽�(duì)柔性導(dǎo)軌、提升鋼絲繩與平衡尾繩橫向擺動(dòng)的等效質(zhì)量進(jìn)行了推導(dǎo),結(jié)果表明可將其質(zhì)量的三分之一作為變位質(zhì)量附加到提升容器上。采用連續(xù)體力學(xué)理論推導(dǎo)出柔性導(dǎo)軌、提升鋼絲繩及平衡尾繩的撓曲線方程,在此基礎(chǔ)上分別推導(dǎo)得到了柔性導(dǎo)軌、提升鋼絲繩與平衡尾繩橫向擺動(dòng)等效剛度的對(duì)數(shù)公式和倒數(shù)公式,兩公式計(jì)算得到的等效彈簧剛度高度一致,誤差不超過1%。建立了考慮張緊鋼絲繩自身質(zhì)量的橫向振動(dòng)模型并推導(dǎo)出了張緊鋼絲繩的橫向固有頻率公式,結(jié)果表明考慮張緊鋼絲繩的自身質(zhì)量后,其橫向固有頻率隨著位置的變化而變化。此外,在考慮張緊鋼絲繩自身質(zhì)量的條件下,橫向擾動(dòng)在張緊鋼絲繩中傳播的相速度和群速度不相等,呈現(xiàn)出色散現(xiàn)象,并且橫向擾動(dòng)在張緊鋼絲繩中傳播的過程中出現(xiàn)衰減。然后,分別在鄭州煤炭工業(yè)(集團(tuán))有限責(zé)任公司大平煤礦主井和振興二礦主井對(duì)橫向擾動(dòng)的傳播時(shí)間進(jìn)行了實(shí)測(cè),結(jié)果表明所推導(dǎo)公式能夠提高準(zhǔn)確性。為了預(yù)測(cè)擾動(dòng)力即橫向氣動(dòng)力及科里奧利力作用下柔性導(dǎo)軌提升容器橫向擺動(dòng)行為,在等效質(zhì)量及等效剛度的基礎(chǔ)上,基于牛頓第二定律和轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)定律,分別建立了考慮導(dǎo)向裝置與柔性導(dǎo)軌之間間隙時(shí)提升容器的非光滑橫向振動(dòng)模型及非光滑扭轉(zhuǎn)振動(dòng)模型。采用Navier-Stokes方程以及k-?SST湍流模型做為井筒中空氣流動(dòng)的流體計(jì)算模型,基于有限體積法及動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)格更新方法,編寫了并行化的ANSYS FLUENT用戶自定義程序(UDF)實(shí)現(xiàn)容器按指定速度曲線提升以及計(jì)算并輸出容器所受到的氣動(dòng)力�；诜枪饣瑱M向振動(dòng)模型及非光滑扭轉(zhuǎn)振動(dòng)模型,采用Matlab數(shù)值求解擾動(dòng)力作用下柔性導(dǎo)軌提升容器的橫向擺動(dòng)位移。以姚橋礦主井箕斗提升系統(tǒng)為例進(jìn)行了數(shù)值求解,并與文獻(xiàn)中的實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行比較,驗(yàn)證了所建模型的正確性。利用流致振動(dòng)模型,研究了單容器帶平衡錘、雙容器和四容器三種典型井筒布局的柔性導(dǎo)軌提升容器的橫向擺動(dòng)特性。計(jì)算分析了容器提升過程中容器周圍的氣動(dòng)壓力分布、流場(chǎng)速度分布以及流線分布。結(jié)果表明當(dāng)兩個(gè)相向運(yùn)行的容器在井筒中交會(huì)時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生明顯的氣動(dòng)沖擊力及氣動(dòng)沖擊力矩,作用在單容器、雙容器和四容器上的橫向氣動(dòng)力依次減小,并且氣動(dòng)力對(duì)容器擺動(dòng)的影響要遠(yuǎn)大于科里奧利力的影響。此外,單容器帶平衡錘布局的活塞效應(yīng)最強(qiáng),雙容器布局和四容器布局的活塞效應(yīng)逐漸減弱。從空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)角度講,推薦優(yōu)先采用四容器布局,然后是雙容器布局,最后是單容器帶平衡錘布局。利用流致振動(dòng)模型,分別分析了提升速度、通風(fēng)速度、導(dǎo)向裝置與柔性導(dǎo)軌之間的間隙、張緊力及容器終端質(zhì)量等提升參數(shù)對(duì)柔性導(dǎo)軌提升容器橫向擺動(dòng)特性的影響。結(jié)果表明作用在容器上的氣動(dòng)力與提升速度和通風(fēng)速度的二次方成正比,隨著提升速度和通風(fēng)速度的不斷增大,容器的橫向擺動(dòng)幅值亦不斷增大。此外,隨著導(dǎo)向裝置與柔性導(dǎo)軌之間的間隙不斷增大,提升容器的橫向擺動(dòng)幅值也隨之均勻增大。對(duì)于容器交會(huì)過程中作用在容器上的氣動(dòng)沖擊力,使用Matlab的曲線擬合工具采用正弦函數(shù)和余弦函數(shù)進(jìn)行曲線擬合,擬合結(jié)果表明二倍頻的余弦函數(shù)和正弦函數(shù)可以較好的擬合氣動(dòng)沖擊力。通過對(duì)影響容器橫向擺動(dòng)幅值的各因素進(jìn)行靈敏度分析發(fā)現(xiàn),提升速度的靈敏度最大,其次是張緊重錘的質(zhì)量和通風(fēng)速度,隨后是柔性導(dǎo)軌與導(dǎo)向裝置之間的間隙,裝載質(zhì)量的靈敏度最小。最后對(duì)柔性導(dǎo)軌礦井提升系統(tǒng)的橫向擺動(dòng)進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)。通過采用澳大利亞先進(jìn)導(dǎo)航公司的光纖陀螺慣性導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)Spatial FOG INS對(duì)龍首礦混合井罐籠下放過程中的軌跡和西二采區(qū)副井罐籠下放過程中的運(yùn)行軌跡進(jìn)行了實(shí)測(cè),并與計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證本文所提計(jì)算方法的正確性。
[Abstract]:The mine hoisting system is the link between the mine underground production system and the ground industrial square. It is known as the throat of the mine production. The lifting vessel needs to set up the guiding device in the wellbore. The guiding device of the lifting vessel can be divided into two kinds of rigid guide and flexible guide rail. Compared with the rigid guide rail, the flexible guide rail has a simple structure and installation. It is convenient, saving steel, short construction period, small ventilation resistance, long service life, and small post maintenance work. However, the lateral swing of the flexible rail lifting vessel is affected by the factors such as lifting speed, ventilation speed, tension force and the terminal quality of the container, and its swinging behavior is very complicated, and the lateral swing of the flexible guide rail lifting vessel is swinging. For the lack of systematic research, it is a difficult problem that how to obtain the wobble behavior of the flexible rail lifting vessel in the operation process under the conditions of many actual factors such as the lifting speed of the container, the wellbore ventilation and the tensioning force of the flexible guide rail, and finally to rationally determine the layout of the flexible rail lifting system for several decades. The design of the mine hoisting system for flexible guideway mainly is based on the unified specification of the safety regulations of Coal Mine Safety Regulations > GB 50830-2013< metallurgical mine design specification > GB 50771-2012< nonferrous metal mining design specification > and GB 16423-2006< metal non metal mine safety regulations > on the safety clearance of the flexible guide wellbore layout. There is no scientific and reasonable theoretical basis for determining the safety clearance. In this paper, the lateral wobble behavior of the flexible rail lifting system is systematically studied. The purpose of this paper is to propose a method to predict the lateral swinging behavior of the flexible rail hoist, and to reveal the mechanism of the swinging of the lifting vessel in the flexible guide rail. In this paper, the equivalent mass and equivalent stiffness of the lateral swinging of the flexible rail lifting system are studied in this paper. Based on the Rayleigh energy method, the flexible guide rail, the hoisting wire rope and the balance tail rope are used in this paper. The equivalent mass of the swing is derived, and the result shows that 1/3 of its mass can be attached to the lifting vessel as the variable mass. The flexible guide rail is derived by the continuum mechanics theory, and the deflection curve equation of the wire rope and the balance tail rope is raised. On this basis, the flexible guide rail, the lifting wire rope and the balance tail rope are derived. The logarithmic formula and the reciprocal formula of the equivalent stiffness of the lateral swinging, the equivalent spring stiffness obtained by the two formula are highly consistent, and the error does not exceed 1%.. The transverse vibration model of the tension steel rope has been established and the formula of the transverse natural frequency of the tensioned wire rope is derived. The result shows that the self mass of the tensioned wire rope is considered. At the same time, the transverse natural frequency changes with the change of the position. In addition, under the condition of the self mass of the tensioned wire rope, the phase velocity and the group velocity propagating in the tensioned wire rope are not equal, and the dispersion phenomenon appears, and the transverse disturbance attenuates during the propagation of the tensioned wire rope. Then, in Zhengzhou, The main well of Daping Coal Mine of coal industry (Group) Co., Ltd. and the main shaft of Zhenxing two mine have measured the propagation time of lateral disturbance. The results show that the derived formula can improve the accuracy. In order to predict the lateral oscillation of the flexible guide rail lift vessel under the effect of lateral aerodynamic force and Corioli force, the equivalent mass and the equivalent mass are predicted. Based on the equivalent stiffness, based on Newton's second law and the law of rotation, the non smooth transverse vibration model and the non smooth torsional vibration model of the lifting vessel are established to consider the gap between the guiding device and the flexible guide. The Navier-Stokes equation and the k- SST turbulence model are used as the fluid calculation model for the air flow in the wellbore. Based on the finite volume method and the dynamic grid updating method, a parallel ANSYS FLUENT user custom program (UDF) is developed to improve the container by the specified speed curve and to calculate and output the aerodynamic force. Based on the non smooth transverse vibration model and the non smooth torsional vibration model, the Matlab numerical solution is used to solve the disturbance power effect. The lateral swinging displacement of the flexible guide rail lifting vessel is numerically solved by the example of the skip lifting system in the main shaft of Yao Bridge Mine, and compared with the measured data in the literature, the correctness of the model is verified. By using the flow induced vibration model, three typical wellbore layout of the single container with the balance hammer, the double container and the four container are studied. The aerodynamic pressure distribution around the container, the velocity distribution of the flow field and the flow line distribution around the container during the lifting of the vessel are calculated and analyzed. The results show that the aerodynamic impact and the aerodynamic shock moment of the two vessels running in the wellbore will produce obvious aerodynamic impact and aerodynamic shock moment, which are used in a single container, a double container and a double container. The lateral aerodynamic force on the four container decreases in turn, and the effect of the aerodynamic force on the swing of the container is much greater than the influence of the Coriolis force. In addition, the piston effect of the single container with the balance hammer layout is the strongest, and the piston effect of the double container layout and the four container layout is gradually weakened. From the aerodynamics point of view, the four container layout is recommended first. Then it is a double container layout, and finally the layout of a single container with balance hammer. Using the flow induced vibration model, the effects of lifting speed, ventilation speed, clearance between the guiding device and the flexible guide rail, the tension and the terminal quality of the container, on the lateral swinging characteristics of the flexible rail lift container are analyzed. The results show that the effect is on the container. The aerodynamic force on the top is proportional to the two times of the lifting speed and the ventilation speed. With the increase of the lifting speed and the ventilation speed, the lateral swing amplitude of the container is also increasing. In addition, with the increasing gap between the guide and the flexible guide, the transverse swing amplitude of the lifting vessel is also increased evenly. The aerodynamic impact force on the container is used in the process, and the curve fitting tool of Matlab is used to fit the curve with sine function and cosine function. The fitting results show that the cosine function and the sine function of two frequency doubling can fit the aerodynamic impact better. It is found that the sensitivity of the lifting speed is the greatest, followed by the mass and ventilation speed of the tensioned weight hammer, followed by the gap between the flexible guide and the guiding device, and the minimum sensitivity of the loading quality. Finally, the field measurement of the lateral swing of the flexible rail mine hoisting system is carried out by using the optical fiber of the Australian advanced navigation company. The Spatial FOG INS gyroscope inertial navigation system (gyro) has measured the trajectory of the cage down process of the dragon head mine and the running track of the cages in the west two mining area, and compared the results with the calculation results to verify the correctness of the proposed method.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD531

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