本文選題：涪陵 + 頁巖氣��； 參考：《長江大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：涪陵地區(qū)頁巖地質條件復雜,部分地層疏松、膠結質量差,同時上部地層灰?guī)r、泥巖層段地層裂縫發(fā)育,出水,鉆遇井漏、溶洞等情況嚴重,同時長興、龍?zhí)�、茅口組地層含氣,而且還含一定濃度的硫化氫,地層砂巖泥巖軟硬交錯,跳鉆嚴重,鉆具易損壞而發(fā)生井下故障。韓家店組、小河壩組和目的層龍馬溪組地層裂縫發(fā)育、承壓能力低,鉆井過程中易發(fā)生漏失、井垮、卡鉆等井下故障。有必要及時分析總結涪陵地區(qū)頁巖氣井下事故預防與處理技術,從適應性方面進行評價,最終形成符合涪陵地區(qū)的井下故障、復雜情況的預防與處理方案。涪陵地區(qū)上部地層嘉陵江、飛仙關組埋深較淺,灰?guī)r易形成裂縫,泥巖易被地表及地下水剝蝕,因此在地表層段裂縫和溶洞發(fā)育,在表層鉆進過層中極易發(fā)生井漏。使用清水鉆井技術可以實現鉆進、通井一趟鉆,實現快速鉆進,實現了“以快防漏”的快速鉆進過程。上中部地層長興、龍?zhí)�、茅口組含氣且還含有一定濃度的硫化氫氣體,在鉆遇長興組之前必須做好相應的預防措施,當出現H2S氣體時,做好相應的處理措施。中下部地層造斜水平段鉆進過程由于托壓會產生卡鉆等事故的發(fā)生。水力振蕩器的應用能夠很好的解決托壓卡鉆的問題,水力振蕩器可以有效地減少橫向和扭轉振動,減少鉆具與泥餅的接觸面積防止托壓和粘卡；在使用水力振蕩器配合PDC鉆頭鉆進時,加大排量清洗井眼,加強了對井底以及井眼的凈化。目的層龍馬溪、五峰組地層裂縫發(fā)育,易發(fā)生井漏。龍馬溪、五峰組地層堵漏措施主要使用橋接堵漏措施。橋接堵漏就是利用接堵漏材料在封堵漏失層的過程中,進行機械堵塞。本文針對涪陵地區(qū)鉆井復雜事故情況進行了原因分析,統(tǒng)計了大量完鉆井遇到的復雜情況和事故,并針對各個地層出現的不同復雜情況和事故給予相應的預防和處理措施。這樣有利于安全鉆進,減少了復雜事故發(fā)生,同時減少鉆井周期,大大節(jié)約了鉆井經濟成本。本論文的研究結果對涪陵地區(qū)頁巖氣的現場施工具有指導意義。
[Abstract]:The shale geological conditions in Fuling area are complex, part of the formation is loose, and the cementation quality is poor. At the same time, the upper stratum limestone, mudstone formation fracture development, effluent, drilling and meeting well leakage, karst cave and so on are serious. At the same time, Changxing, Longtan, etc. The formation of Maokou formation contains gas and also contains a certain concentration of hydrogen sulfide. The sandstone mudstone in the formation is interlaced with soft and hard rock, the drilling jump is serious, the drill tool is easily damaged and the downhole failure occurs. The formation fractures of Hanjiadian formation, Xiaoheba formation and target layer Longmaxi formation are developed, the bearing capacity is low, the drilling process is prone to leakage, well collapse, drilling jam and other downhole faults. It is necessary to analyze and summarize the prevention and treatment technology of shale gas downhole accident in Fuling area in time, and evaluate it from the aspect of adaptability, and finally form the prevention and treatment scheme of underground fault and complex situation in accord with Fuling area. In the upper layer of Fuling area, Jialing River, Feixianguan formation is shallow, limestone is easy to form fracture, mudstone is easily denuded by ground water and ground water. By using clear water drilling technology, drilling can be realized, and a quick drilling can be realized, and the fast drilling process can be realized with quick leakage prevention. The upper and middle strata of Changxing, Longtan, Maokou formation contain gas and also contain certain concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas, before drilling into Changxing formation, we must do a good job of preventive measures, when there is H2S gas, do a good job of corresponding treatment measures. The drilling process of horizontal section in middle and lower formation will lead to drilling jam and other accidents due to supporting pressure. The application of hydraulic oscillator can solve the problem of holding pressure jam well. Hydraulic oscillator can effectively reduce lateral and torsional vibration and reduce the contact area between drill tool and mud cake to prevent holding pressure and sticking card. In the use of hydraulic oscillator combined with PDC bit drilling, the discharge of cleaning borehole is increased, and the cleaning of bottom hole and borehole is strengthened. The formation fractures of Wufeng formation in Longmaxi formation are prone to well leakage. Longmaxi, Wufeng formation formation plugging measures mainly use bridging plugging measures. Bridging plugging is mechanical plugging by using plugging materials in the process of plugging the lost layer. In this paper, the causes of complex drilling accidents in Fuling area are analyzed, and a large number of complex situations and accidents are counted, and corresponding prevention and treatment measures are given for different complex situations and accidents in each formation. This is beneficial to safe drilling, reduces the occurrence of complex accidents, reduces drilling cycle and greatly saves the economic cost of drilling. The research results of this paper have guiding significance for the field construction of shale gas in Fuling area.
【學位授予單位】：長江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TD77

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