本文選題：煤層氣 + 水平井��； 參考：《西安科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：煤層氣是一種高效潔凈能源,我國儲(chǔ)量豐富,抽采煤層氣能減少礦井災(zāi)害、增加能源供給、減輕環(huán)境污染。水平定向鉆井技術(shù)能使井眼沿煤層延伸,增大解析面積,提高抽采效率,因而被廣泛采用。但隨著開發(fā)深入,其井壁失穩(wěn)問題日益突出,在水平段鉆遇煤層時(shí)尤為明顯,嚴(yán)重影響了鉆井安全和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。該問題受眾多因素影響,但目前相關(guān)研究十分有限,分析其穩(wěn)定性、探索失穩(wěn)機(jī)理迫在眉睫。從地質(zhì)、工程兩方面總結(jié)了影響煤層氣地面水平鉆井穩(wěn)定性的因素,并對(duì)趙莊井田2014ZX-U-01H井失穩(wěn)情況統(tǒng)計(jì),發(fā)現(xiàn)3#煤層上部水平段是重點(diǎn)失穩(wěn)區(qū),處理其失穩(wěn)嚴(yán)重影響了工程進(jìn)度。由此,基于Mohr-Coulomb強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則,在進(jìn)行井眼應(yīng)力坐標(biāo)變換后,采用實(shí)測(cè)巖石力學(xué)參數(shù),通過軟件MIDAS GTS NX建立了該水平井的三維有限元模型。研究了水平段井斜角、泥皮厚度、地應(yīng)力方向等因素對(duì)井壁的應(yīng)力分布特征、變形形式、位移量、井眼形狀的影響規(guī)律,定量評(píng)價(jià)了失穩(wěn)情況,找出了影響水平段井眼穩(wěn)定性的主要因素,結(jié)果表明:(1)隨水平段延伸井壁所受Von Mises應(yīng)力逐漸增大,但3#煤層性質(zhì)較差且存在縱向差異,井壁最終失穩(wěn)程度同樣受鉆遇地層性質(zhì)影響;(2)失穩(wěn)時(shí)井壁以沿X軸方向變形為主,且底部位移量大于頂部,變形截面呈橢圓型,最大變形區(qū)位于3#煤層上部水平段;(3)地應(yīng)力對(duì)破碎地層的變形破壞影響顯著,對(duì)穩(wěn)定地層影響較小;井斜角主要影響井壁塑性變形區(qū)半徑;護(hù)壁泥皮則能改善整體井眼的應(yīng)力集中現(xiàn)象;(4)影響該井水平段穩(wěn)定性的主次因素順序:地應(yīng)力方向、井斜角、泥皮厚度。在研究范圍內(nèi),隨井眼走向與最大主地應(yīng)力夾角增大、井斜角減小、泥皮厚度增大,井壁穩(wěn)定性增強(qiáng);(5)提出井田煤層氣井水平段井眼走向與地應(yīng)力夾角45°、井斜角84°、泥皮厚度1.2cm的最安全鉆井組合方案,此時(shí)井壁最大Von Mises應(yīng)力0.52MPa,最大變形量3.04cm,井眼最穩(wěn)定。研究同實(shí)鉆現(xiàn)象吻合,解決了傳統(tǒng)方法耗時(shí)長、成本高、可重復(fù)性差、考慮因素不全面等缺點(diǎn),且在計(jì)算原理、荷載條件、材料控制方面優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯,結(jié)果直觀、清晰。證明了采用有限元方法研究煤層氣水平井穩(wěn)定性的可行性與合理性,研究思路對(duì)開展同類井眼穩(wěn)定性研究有借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Coal bed methane (CBM) is a kind of high efficient and clean energy, which is rich in reserves in China. Extraction of CBM can reduce mine disaster, increase energy supply and reduce environmental pollution. The horizontal directional drilling technology can make the hole extend along the coal seam, increase the analytic area and improve the extraction efficiency, so it is widely used. However, with the further development, the problem of shaft wall instability is becoming more and more prominent, especially when the horizontal section is drilled into coal seam, which seriously affects the drilling safety and economic benefits. This problem is affected by many factors, but the relevant research is very limited at present, it is urgent to analyze its stability and explore the mechanism of instability. This paper summarizes the factors influencing the stability of surface horizontal drilling of coalbed methane from geological and engineering aspects, and statistics the instability of 2014ZX-U-01H well in Zhaozhuang mine field. It is found that the upper horizontal section of coal seam is the key unstable area, and the treatment of instability seriously affects the progress of the project. Thus, based on the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion, the 3D finite element model of the horizontal well is established by using the measured rock mechanics parameters and the software MIDAS GTS NX after the well stress coordinate transformation is carried out. The influence of factors such as slope angle of horizontal section, thickness of mud crust and direction of in-situ stress on the stress distribution, deformation form, displacement and hole shape of borehole are studied, and the instability situation is quantitatively evaluated. The main factors affecting the hole stability of horizontal section are found out. The results show that the stress of Von Mises increases gradually with horizontal section extension, but the coal seam is poor in character and has longitudinal difference. The final instability degree of the shaft wall is also affected by the formation properties of drilling. When the shaft wall is unstable, the main deformation is along the X axis, and the displacement at the bottom is greater than that at the top, and the deformation section is elliptical. The maximum deformation zone is located in the upper horizontal section of coal seam.) the in-situ stress has a significant effect on the deformation and failure of the fractured formation, but has little effect on the stability of the formation, and the inclined angle of the well mainly affects the radius of the plastic deformation zone of the shaft wall. The primary and secondary factors affecting the stability of the horizontal section of the well are the direction of in-situ stress, the angle of well slope, and the thickness of mud crust. In the range of study, with the increase of the angle between the borehole strike and the maximum main stress, the inclined angle of the well decreases and the thickness of the mud crust increases. The best combination scheme of borehole strike and ground stress in horizontal section of coalbed methane well in the well field is put forward, which is 45 擄angle between hole strike and ground stress, 84 擄inclined angle and 1.2cm thickness of mud crust. The maximum Von Mises stress of wellbore is 0.52MPa, the maximum deformation is 3.04 cm, and the borehole is the most stable. This paper studies the phenomenon of matching with real drilling, solves the disadvantages of traditional methods, such as long time consumption, high cost, poor repeatability and incomplete consideration of factors, and has obvious advantages in calculation principle, load conditions and material control, and the results are intuitive and clear. The feasibility and rationality of using finite element method to study the stability of coalbed methane horizontal wells are proved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD712.6

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