本文選題：孔隙水壓 + 穩(wěn)定巖層��； 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨井筒埋深的不斷增加,高壓孔隙水破壞基巖段井壁的問題日益凸顯。針對此類問題,本文結(jié)合現(xiàn)有研究成果,采用理論分析、數(shù)值模擬與物理模擬相結(jié)合的方法,研究孔隙含水巖層中井壁結(jié)構(gòu)的水力荷載,進(jìn)而得到孔隙含水穩(wěn)定巖層中井壁變形規(guī)律,完善了含水穩(wěn)定巖層中井壁結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計理論。成果如下:首先,研究了孔隙水壓作用下井壁結(jié)構(gòu)對等效水力荷載的影響。運用Abaqus自帶的孔壓單元建立了平面應(yīng)變模型,分析獲得了孔隙水壓作用受井壁尺寸、彈性模量以及泊松比的影響:孔隙水壓作用下井壁表面的等效水力荷載隨圍巖與井壁彈性模量的比值增大而減小,說明圍巖的彈性模量越大,等效水力荷載越小;井壁結(jié)構(gòu)越厚,等效水力荷載越大;圍巖泊松比越大,等效水力荷載越大;研究表明,井壁彈性模量對等效水力荷載的影響最大,井壁尺寸影響次之,泊松比影響最小。其次,研究了孔隙水作用下井壁結(jié)構(gòu)的受力狀態(tài)。基于相似理論,建立了大型物理模型試驗,還原井壁真實受力狀態(tài),模型試驗中完成了地壓以及孔隙水壓的獨立加載并通過測試及反演計算掌握了等效水力荷載的變化規(guī)律以及數(shù)值水平。井壁結(jié)構(gòu)在穩(wěn)定含水巖層中的受力主要包含孔隙水壓力和地應(yīng)力,相較于穩(wěn)定的地應(yīng)力,孔隙水壓力往往有不同的表現(xiàn)形式。在不同的接觸條件下,井壁結(jié)構(gòu)受到的等效孔隙水壓力往往差別很大:當(dāng)圍巖和井壁未剝離時,孔隙水壓引起井壁結(jié)構(gòu)的水力荷載顯著低于靜水壓力,約為靜水壓力的30%。當(dāng)井壁和圍巖接觸面存在剝離時,孔隙水會迅速充滿剝離區(qū),該區(qū)域井壁所受到的等效水力荷載近似等于靜水壓力。第三,研究了穩(wěn)定含水基巖段井壁變形規(guī)律和破裂模式。穩(wěn)定含水巖層中由于巖層自身具有較高的自承載能力,高壓孔隙水成為造成井壁破壞的主要因素。圍巖孔隙水壓恢復(fù)過程中,井壁和圍巖存在局部剝離,使得井壁變形在豎向和水平方向均呈現(xiàn)較大不均勻性,剝離處井壁承受較大的水力荷載并且成為“破壞弱面”�？紫斗�(wěn)定含水巖層中井壁的破裂模式以局部滲水、破裂出水為主。本次研究中創(chuàng)新性地運用了分布式光纖測試手段,將分布式光纖測試系統(tǒng)運用于井壁的空間連續(xù)應(yīng)變監(jiān)測,提高了測試的精度、穩(wěn)定性并大大減少了出線量,通過本次試驗,積累了分布式光纖在大型巖土工程試驗應(yīng)用的經(jīng)驗,有利于進(jìn)一步拓展分布式光纖測試系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用前景。最后,根據(jù)以上研究成果,提出對于穩(wěn)定含水巖層中井壁結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計理論的有益結(jié)論:水力荷載是襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計要考慮的關(guān)鍵因素,在保證井壁和圍巖不剝離的情況下,水力荷載顯著小于靜水壓力;礦井井壁的設(shè)計應(yīng)具備合理的強度和剛度,既能保證足夠的穩(wěn)定性和圍巖不剝離,又能顯著降低高壓孔隙水的影響;
[Abstract]:With the increasing of wellbore buried depth, the problem of high pressure pore water destroying the wall of bedrock is becoming more and more serious. In view of this kind of problem, combining with the existing research results, this paper uses the method of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and physical simulation to study the hydraulic load of borehole lining structure in porous water-bearing rock formation. Furthermore, the deformation law of borehole lining is obtained, and the design theory of wellbore structure in water-bearing rock is improved. The results are as follows: firstly, the influence of borehole wall structure on equivalent hydraulic load under pore water pressure is studied. The plane strain model is established by using Abaqus's own pore pressure unit. The influence of elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio: under the action of pore water pressure, the equivalent hydraulic load of shaft wall surface decreases with the increase of the ratio of surrounding rock to wall elastic modulus, which indicates that the larger the elastic modulus of surrounding rock, the smaller the equivalent hydraulic load; The thicker the wall structure is, the greater the equivalent hydraulic load is, and the greater the Poisson's ratio of surrounding rock is, the greater the equivalent hydraulic load is. The study shows that the influence of wall elastic modulus on the equivalent hydraulic load is the greatest, the influence of shaft wall size is the second, and the influence of Poisson's ratio is the least. Secondly, the stress state of borehole wall structure under the action of pore water is studied. Based on the similarity theory, a large-scale physical model test was established to restore the true stress state of the shaft wall. In the model test, the independent loading of ground pressure and pore water pressure is completed, and the variation law and numerical level of equivalent hydraulic load are grasped by testing and inverse calculation. Pore water pressure and in-situ stress are mainly included in the stress of borehole wall structure in the stable water-bearing rock formation. Compared with the stable in-situ stress pore water pressure often has different forms. Under different contact conditions, the equivalent pore water pressure of borehole wall structure is often very different: when the wall rock and shaft wall are not stripped, the hydraulic load caused by pore water pressure is significantly lower than that of static water pressure, which is about 30 percent of hydrostatic pressure. When the contact surface between the wall and surrounding rock exists peeling, the pore water will fill the stripping zone quickly, and the equivalent hydraulic load on the sidewall in this area is approximately equal to the hydrostatic pressure. Thirdly, the sidewall deformation and fracture mode of stable water-bearing bedrock are studied. High pressure pore water is the main factor that causes the damage of borehole lining in stabilizing the water-bearing strata because of its high self-bearing capacity. In the process of pore pressure recovery of surrounding rock, there is a local exfoliation between the wall and surrounding rock, which makes the shaft wall deformation show greater heterogeneity in both vertical and horizontal direction, and the shaft wall at the stripping place bears large hydraulic load and becomes a "failure weak surface". The fracture mode of borehole lining in porous stable water-bearing rock is local seepage and rupture effluent. In this study, the distributed optical fiber testing method is innovatively used, and the distributed optical fiber testing system is applied to the spatial continuous strain monitoring of the shaft wall, which improves the accuracy, stability and greatly reduces the output of the line. The application experience of distributed optical fiber in large-scale geotechnical engineering test is accumulated, which is helpful to further expand the application prospect of distributed optical fiber test system. Finally, based on the above research results, a useful conclusion is put forward for the design theory of the lining structure in the stable water-bearing rock formation: hydraulic load is the key factor to be considered in the design of the lining structure, and under the condition that the lining and surrounding rock are not peeled off, The hydraulic load is obviously smaller than the hydrostatic pressure, and the design of the shaft wall should have reasonable strength and rigidity, which can not only guarantee sufficient stability and non-stripping of surrounding rock, but also significantly reduce the influence of high pressure pore water.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD262

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