發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-20 01:28

  本文選題：井工煤礦 + 損毀土地��； 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)幅員遼闊,土地資源總量雄厚。然而,人口眾多,耕地較少,人均耕地占有量遠(yuǎn)低于世界平均水平,耕地后備資源嚴(yán)重不足。隨著當(dāng)今社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,人口日益增加,導(dǎo)致人地矛盾關(guān)系越來(lái)越緊張。中國(guó)是世界第三礦業(yè)大國(guó),同時(shí)也是世界上最大的煤炭消費(fèi)國(guó)家,對(duì)能源的需求旺盛。大規(guī)模、高強(qiáng)度的開(kāi)采煤炭資源,造成大規(guī)模的土地以壓占、挖損、污染、塌陷等方式受損,且損毀程度不盡相同,伴隨而來(lái)的是嚴(yán)峻的生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題,從某種程度上直接影響到土地資源安全。為了有效緩解人地矛盾關(guān)系,切實(shí)治理生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題,保護(hù)好有限的土地資源,必須做好礦區(qū)土地復(fù)墾工作。土地復(fù)墾規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),科學(xué)地預(yù)測(cè)礦區(qū)損毀土地范圍并做好復(fù)墾適宜性評(píng)價(jià)是確定復(fù)墾方向的基礎(chǔ)和前提,在此基礎(chǔ)上做出的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)才具有可行性、指導(dǎo)性。首先,本文對(duì)土地復(fù)墾的研究背景、意義及國(guó)內(nèi)外研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行介紹,解讀土地整治相關(guān)概念和理論基礎(chǔ),引入林地質(zhì)量等級(jí)與耕地質(zhì)量等別概念。其次,論述土地復(fù)墾的一些相關(guān)內(nèi)容,包括土地復(fù)墾適宜性評(píng)價(jià)、復(fù)墾規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)、林地質(zhì)量等級(jí)評(píng)定、耕地質(zhì)量等別評(píng)定。分析各個(gè)模塊操作的原理、原則、方法、指標(biāo)體系、基本參數(shù)等。最后,本文選取羅平縣龍馳煤礦區(qū)為研究區(qū),重點(diǎn)將理論知識(shí)應(yīng)用到實(shí)例中,結(jié)合研究區(qū)進(jìn)行研究論證。土地復(fù)墾適宜性評(píng)價(jià)中,在選擇評(píng)價(jià)因子時(shí),既采用了傳統(tǒng)的土地復(fù)墾適宜性評(píng)價(jià)因子,包括土壤質(zhì)地、地形坡度、土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量等,同時(shí),加入具有針對(duì)性、可操作性的損毀程度因子,總共選取10個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)因子。運(yùn)用YAAHP軟件,構(gòu)建層次結(jié)構(gòu)模型和判斷矩陣,達(dá)到判斷矩陣一致性要求,計(jì)算出各個(gè)因子的權(quán)重。在劃分評(píng)價(jià)單元方面,打破以往劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),選取更加合理的劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)——二級(jí)評(píng)價(jià)單元。參照評(píng)價(jià)因子打分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果等級(jí)劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),應(yīng)用ArcGIS完成土地復(fù)墾適宜性評(píng)價(jià),確定各地塊土地復(fù)墾利用方向。經(jīng)分析結(jié)果,大部分荒草地、裸地被開(kāi)發(fā)利用,提高了土地利用率,耕地、林地?cái)?shù)量均有所增加。在復(fù)墾工作中,對(duì)復(fù)墾區(qū)進(jìn)行規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì),合理布局農(nóng)田水利設(shè)施、田間道路等,改善了研究區(qū)的生產(chǎn)、生活條件,農(nóng)民積極投入生產(chǎn),改良土壤結(jié)構(gòu),久而久之,耕地質(zhì)量也會(huì)有所提升。為了掌握復(fù)墾前后耕地質(zhì)量變化情況,本文借鑒以往的農(nóng)用地分等成果,結(jié)合礦區(qū)復(fù)墾耕地的特點(diǎn),嚴(yán)格遵守評(píng)定原則和要求,評(píng)定出復(fù)墾后耕地質(zhì)量等別。土地行業(yè)中,很少關(guān)注林地的質(zhì)量。然而,礦區(qū)的開(kāi)采對(duì)林地也會(huì)造成一定程度的損毀。為了掌握林地復(fù)墾前后質(zhì)量情況,本文大膽嘗試評(píng)定林地的質(zhì)量等級(jí),以分析復(fù)墾前后林地質(zhì)量等級(jí)變化情況。通過(guò)試驗(yàn),提供一定的理論基礎(chǔ),望林地質(zhì)量在以后的土地復(fù)墾工作中得到重視,切實(shí)關(guān)注林地質(zhì)量,采取有效措施改善林地質(zhì)量,真正做到保護(hù)土地,保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:China has a vast territory and abundant land resources. However, the population is large, the cultivated land is less, the per capita cultivated land quantity is far lower than the world average level, the cultivated land reserve resources is seriously insufficient. With the rapid development of social economy and increasing population, the contradiction between man and land is becoming more and more tense. China is the world's third largest mining country and the world's largest coal consumer, with strong demand for energy. Large-scale and high-intensity mining of coal resources causes large-scale land to be damaged by means of occupation, excavation, pollution, collapse, and so on, and the degree of damage is different, accompanied by severe ecological and environmental problems. To some extent, it directly affects the security of land resources. In order to effectively alleviate the contradiction between man and land, effectively control ecological environment problems and protect limited land resources, it is necessary to do a good job of land reclamation in mining areas. The planning and design of land reclamation is rigorous, the scientific prediction of damaged land range and the evaluation of reclamation suitability are the basis and premise to determine the reclamation direction, and the planning and design based on it is feasible and instructive. Firstly, this paper introduces the research background, significance and research progress of land reclamation at home and abroad, interprets the related concepts and theoretical basis of land reclamation, and introduces the concepts of forest land quality grade and cultivated land quality. Secondly, it discusses some related contents of land reclamation, including land reclamation suitability evaluation, reclamation planning and design, forest land quality evaluation, cultivated land quality evaluation and so on. Analyze the principle, principle, method, index system and basic parameters of each module operation. Finally, this paper selects Longchi coal mine area of Luoping County as the research area, and focuses on applying theoretical knowledge to the case, combining with the research area to carry out research and demonstration. In the evaluation of land reclamation suitability, the traditional land reclamation suitability evaluation factors, including soil texture, topographic slope, soil organic matter content and so on, are used in the selection of evaluation factors. Operational damage degree factor, a total of 10 evaluation factors selected. The hierarchical structure model and judgment matrix are constructed by using YAAHP software to meet the requirement of consistency of judgment matrix and the weight of each factor is calculated. In the aspect of dividing the evaluation unit, we break the previous division standard, and select the more reasonable division standard-the second grade evaluation unit. According to the evaluation factor scoring standard and the evaluation result grade standard, the suitability evaluation of land reclamation was completed by using ArcGIS, and the land reclamation and utilization direction of each plot was determined. The results showed that most of the barren grassland and bare land were developed and utilized, and the utilization rate of land and the amount of cultivated land and woodland were increased. In the reclamation work, the planning and design of the reclamation areas, the rational distribution of farmland and water conservancy facilities, and the field roads have improved the production and living conditions of the research areas, the active involvement of farmers in production, and the improvement of the soil structure over time. The quality of cultivated land will also improve. In order to understand the change of cultivated land quality before and after reclamation, this paper draws lessons from the previous achievements of agricultural land classification, combines the characteristics of reclaimed cultivated land in mining areas, strictly observes the evaluation principles and requirements, and evaluates the quality of cultivated land after reclamation. In the land industry, little attention is paid to the quality of woodland. However, mining in the mining area will also cause a certain degree of damage to the forest land. In order to understand the quality of forestland before and after reclamation, this paper tries to evaluate the quality grade of forestland and analyze the change of quality grade of forestland before and after reclamation. Through the experiment, it is hoped that the quality of forest land will be paid more attention to in the future land reclamation work, and that effective measures should be taken to improve the quality of forest land so as to protect the land and protect the ecological environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD88

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前1條

1 楊慶華;張健康;楊世先;馬文斌;施正丹;沐嬋;王鳳瓊;;耕地資源的耕作半徑與農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力——以云南省玉溪市為例[A];2006中國(guó)科協(xié)年會(huì)農(nóng)業(yè)分會(huì)場(chǎng)論文專集[C];2006年

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本文編號(hào)：1775642