本文選題：煤炭自燃 + 凝膠泡沫��； 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：煤炭自燃是煤炭開采過程中的主要災(zāi)害之一。在煤炭自燃防治技術(shù)中凝膠泡沫因其兼顧了凝膠和泡沫防滅火技術(shù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)被認(rèn)為是一種較好的新型防滅火技術(shù)。當(dāng)現(xiàn)有礦井有機(jī)或無機(jī)凝膠泡沫還存在發(fā)泡倍數(shù)低、耐溫抗鹽性弱、穩(wěn)定性差的不足,為此論文開展了礦用防治煤炭自燃的凝膠泡沫材料的研究,從發(fā)泡劑、穩(wěn)泡劑和促凝劑以及三者的復(fù)配方面針對(duì)性的開展了發(fā)泡性能、耐溫抗鹽性能、穩(wěn)定性和阻化性等方面的研究,最后形成了一種倍數(shù)高、穩(wěn)定性好的新型防治煤炭自燃的凝膠泡沫材料。論文主要開展成果如下:系統(tǒng)地對(duì)構(gòu)成凝膠泡沫的復(fù)合起泡劑、穩(wěn)泡劑、成膠體系進(jìn)行了考察。采用打擊法統(tǒng)一對(duì)八種單一起泡劑的起泡水平進(jìn)行了測試,優(yōu)選出較好的幾種發(fā)泡劑后開展了正交實(shí)驗(yàn),最終得到一種發(fā)泡倍數(shù)高、用量省的復(fù)配方案。在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)復(fù)合起泡劑、常用泡沫劑進(jìn)行了耐溫和耐鹽性能對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)比得出復(fù)合起泡劑在兩個(gè)方面都具有比較明顯的優(yōu)勢。最后對(duì)穩(wěn)泡物質(zhì)進(jìn)行選擇,得到適合于復(fù)配發(fā)泡劑的最佳穩(wěn)泡劑,其添加最佳添加量2.1%。根據(jù)物質(zhì)成膠原理及其對(duì)泡沫的作用過程,考察了幾種成膠體系,最終確定一種性能良好、時(shí)間可控(20min以內(nèi))的成膠體系J和G。研究了濃度、溫度對(duì)膠凝時(shí)間的影響。研究表明,成膠體系的兩種物質(zhì)J和G的總濃度愈高,膠凝愈快,成膠時(shí)間愈短;同一濃度下,基液溫度愈高,成膠愈快,時(shí)間愈少。并對(duì)其穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行了考察。常溫下,將其放置8h以后觀察依然沒有水出現(xiàn);溫度增高,凝膠泡沫受影響較小,普通泡沫顯著減少,對(duì)比之下,凝膠泡沫優(yōu)勢明顯。實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究最終得出,基液中復(fù)合泡沫劑總量4‰,成膠體系J和G的量各占3‰,穩(wěn)泡劑添加量2.1%時(shí),pH在7-9時(shí),打擊成泡沫凝膠的綜合性能最好;同等條件下起泡能力是現(xiàn)有凝膠泡沫的1.2-1.4倍左右,泡沫半衰期達(dá)到98h以上。實(shí)驗(yàn)還從起泡倍數(shù)和溫度兩個(gè)方面對(duì)其粘性進(jìn)行了考察。結(jié)果表明,粘度隨倍數(shù)增長而先增后減;溫度與其粘度存在負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。最后對(duì)凝膠泡沫的的阻化性進(jìn)行了考察。結(jié)果表明:凝膠泡沫可以明顯減慢煤炭自燃進(jìn)程,降低熱釋放速率,減少CO的釋放量,經(jīng)凝膠泡沫處理后的煤樣,其交叉點(diǎn)溫度比用水處理的煤樣交叉點(diǎn)溫度提高了20℃左右;溫度超過100℃,要得到基本一樣的CO釋放量,凝膠泡沫浸泡樣品比水處理樣品的溫度提高20℃左右。100℃時(shí),凝膠泡沫的阻化率Eco為66.33%。
[Abstract]:Spontaneous combustion of coal is one of the main disasters in the process of coal mining. In the coal spontaneous combustion prevention and control technology, gel foam is considered to be a new type of fire prevention and extinguishing technology because of its advantages of both gel and foam fire prevention and extinguishing technology. When the existing mine organic or inorganic gel foam still has the shortcomings of low foaming ratio, weak temperature and salt resistance, and poor stability. Foaming stabilizers, coagulants and their combinations have been studied in the aspects of foaming performance, temperature and salt resistance, stability and resistance, etc. Finally, a kind of multiple was formed. A new type of gel foam material with good stability for preventing coal spontaneous combustion. The main achievements are as follows: the composite foaming agent, foam stabilizer and gelation system are systematically investigated. The foaming level of eight kinds of single foaming agents was tested by the method of striking, and the orthogonal experiment was carried out after the better foaming agents were selected. Finally, a compound scheme with high foaming multiple and low amount of foaming agent was obtained. On the basis of this, the comparison experiments on the properties of composite foaming agent and common foaming agent are carried out, and the results show that the composite foaming agent has obvious advantages in both aspects. Finally, the best foaming stabilizer suitable for the compound foaming agent was obtained by selecting the foaming stabilizer with the optimum addition amount of 2.1%. According to the principle of gelling and its action on foam, several kinds of gelatinizing systems were investigated, and a kind of gelling system J and G with good properties and controlled time within 20 min were determined. The effects of concentration and temperature on gelation time were studied. The results show that the higher the total concentration of J and G is, the faster the gelation time is and the shorter the gelation time is, the higher the temperature of the base solution is, the faster the gelation time is. Its stability was investigated. At room temperature, after 8 hours of storage, there was still no water. When the temperature increased, the gel foam was less affected, and the common foam was significantly reduced. In contrast, the gel foam had obvious advantage. The results of laboratory study show that the total amount of composite foaming agent in base solution is 4 鈥，

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