本文選題：復(fù)墾土壤 + 土壤團(tuán)聚體��； 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國煤炭開采以井工開采為主,而由其所導(dǎo)致的土地塌陷問題也日益凸顯,高潛水位采煤沉陷區(qū)的土地復(fù)墾與生態(tài)重建是當(dāng)前面臨的緊迫任務(wù)之一。作為表征土壤質(zhì)量和生態(tài)特性的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo),團(tuán)聚體和有機(jī)碳的演變規(guī)律研究對評估復(fù)墾土壤的質(zhì)量變化和生態(tài)效應(yīng)、指導(dǎo)復(fù)墾土壤改良有重要意義。本文以東灘礦煤矸石充填復(fù)墾土壤為研究對象,采用“空間代時(shí)間”的方法,分析了時(shí)間序列和不同利用方式下土壤基礎(chǔ)理化性質(zhì)、水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體分布及穩(wěn)定性、土壤有機(jī)碳、團(tuán)聚體有機(jī)碳含量及貢獻(xiàn)率的演變規(guī)律與差異特征;并利用密度和大小分組相結(jié)合的方法,對團(tuán)聚體有機(jī)碳組分進(jìn)行分離,研究了土壤團(tuán)聚體外游離輕組有機(jī)碳(f ree LF)、團(tuán)聚體內(nèi)顆粒有機(jī)碳(iPOM)及礦物結(jié)合態(tài)有機(jī)碳(Mineral-C)的分布及變化特征。主要結(jié)果及結(jié)論如下:(1)復(fù)墾土壤各粒徑水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體中細(xì)大團(tuán)聚體占絕對優(yōu)勢(50.05%~59.37%)。隨著復(fù)墾年限的延長,土壤大團(tuán)聚體含量逐漸增加,團(tuán)聚體穩(wěn)定性不斷提高。表層土壤細(xì)大團(tuán)聚體質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)表現(xiàn)為:農(nóng)田(54.26%)林地(52.75%)荒地(52.18%),農(nóng)田的團(tuán)聚體改善效果要優(yōu)于林地與荒地。(2)土壤有機(jī)碳含量、有機(jī)碳密度均隨復(fù)墾年限不斷增加,且在復(fù)墾13~15年時(shí)均已高于對照農(nóng)田水平,表明礦區(qū)復(fù)墾土壤在良好的環(huán)境條件與合適的管理措施下,其固碳能力甚至?xí)^自然土壤。復(fù)墾土壤表層固碳速率先升高后降低,約在復(fù)墾13年時(shí)達(dá)到最大(約0.186 kg m-2 yr-1)。相關(guān)分析表明,復(fù)墾土壤有機(jī)碳的增加與水穩(wěn)性大團(tuán)聚體的形成密切相關(guān)。(3)復(fù)墾土壤有機(jī)碳含量隨土壤團(tuán)聚體粒徑的減小而減小。復(fù)墾土壤有機(jī)碳的主要貢獻(xiàn)來源于細(xì)大團(tuán)聚體,與其較高的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)有關(guān)。隨復(fù)墾年限的延長,各個(gè)粒徑團(tuán)聚體有機(jī)碳含量均在逐漸增加,但大團(tuán)聚體有機(jī)碳的貢獻(xiàn)率隨復(fù)墾年限先逐漸提高,復(fù)墾13~15年時(shí)又開始逐漸降低,微團(tuán)聚體有機(jī)碳的貢獻(xiàn)率正好相反。另外,復(fù)墾土壤表層有機(jī)碳含量、有機(jī)碳密度和團(tuán)聚體有機(jī)碳含量均高于20~40cm土層,其對揭示復(fù)墾土壤有機(jī)碳的轉(zhuǎn)化與積累過程具有重要意義。(4)隨復(fù)墾年限的延長,土壤細(xì)大團(tuán)聚體和微團(tuán)聚體free LF、iPOM含量均明顯增加。其中,細(xì)大團(tuán)聚體外free LF含量高于微團(tuán)聚體外free LF含量,反映了土壤中的新鮮植物殘?jiān)紫冉Y(jié)合進(jìn)入大團(tuán)聚體,而微團(tuán)聚體中細(xì)顆粒有機(jī)碳在復(fù)墾土壤有機(jī)碳含量提升過程中起著關(guān)鍵的作用。復(fù)墾土壤大團(tuán)聚體周轉(zhuǎn)在復(fù)墾5~15年間先降低后加快。Mineral-C也隨復(fù)墾年限呈增長趨勢,是土壤有機(jī)碳固存的重要組成部分。復(fù)墾7年后的林地土壤總free LF含量均顯著高于農(nóng)田與荒地,與耕作農(nóng)田表層的植被殘留物相比,微生物的活性可能更有利于土壤團(tuán)聚體外free LF在林地土壤中的積累。而復(fù)墾土壤總iPOM含量和總Mineral-C含量的大小關(guān)系均為R7L7H7,且均與R0.25及SOC呈極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系(p0.01),表明復(fù)墾7年時(shí)團(tuán)聚體內(nèi)iPOM含量和Mineral-C含量主要受大團(tuán)聚體含量和總有機(jī)碳含量的影響。(5)土壤團(tuán)聚體外free LF含量占總有機(jī)碳的比例為4.38%~10.72%,雖然其對耕作措施、土地利用方式的響應(yīng)極為敏感,但多受動植物殘?jiān)妮斎�、土壤小氣候和土表狀況的影響,與團(tuán)聚體團(tuán)聚過程關(guān)系不大。土壤團(tuán)聚體有機(jī)碳組分含量及占總有機(jī)碳比例的大小為:Mineral-CiPOMfree LF,Mineral-C占總有機(jī)碳比例最高(40.68%~49.18%)。隨復(fù)墾年限的延長,free LF增長先快后慢、Mineral-C先慢后快,說明有機(jī)碳進(jìn)入土壤后首先在free LF存儲,然后再向團(tuán)聚體內(nèi)iPOM和Mineral-C轉(zhuǎn)化。這一有機(jī)碳的轉(zhuǎn)化和積累過程與土壤團(tuán)聚體形成過程密切相關(guān)的,符合“團(tuán)聚體周轉(zhuǎn)”概念模型。
[Abstract]:China's coal mining to underground mining, and the resulting land subsidence problems have become increasingly prominent, Gao Qian level of mining subsidence area of land reclamation and ecological reconstruction is one of the urgent task. As a key indicator for assessing soil quality and ecological characteristics, research on the evolution of the agglomerates and organic carbon on Evaluation of reclaimed soil quality change and ecological effect, has important guiding significance to the improvement of reclaimed soil. Dongtan coal gangue filling reclamation soil as the research object, using the method of "space time", analyzed the time sequence and different soil basic physical and chemical properties, water stable aggregate distribution and stability, soil organic carbon, evolution and characteristics of different aggregate organic carbon content and the contribution rate; and by using a combination of density and size of the packet, the aggregate organic carbon fractions were Study on the separation of soil aggregation in vitro free light fraction organic carbon (f ree LF), agglomerates of particulate organic carbon (iPOM) and mineral bound organic carbon (Mineral-C) distribution and variation characteristics. The main results and conclusions are as follows: (1) fine aggregates the reclaimed soil water stable aggregates accounted for absolute advantage (50.05%~59.37%). With the extension of the reclamation time, soil aggregate content increased gradually, aggregate stability continues to increase. The mass fraction of soil fine aggregate surface for farmland woodland (54.26%) (52.75%) (52.18%), farmland, wasteland and forest improvement is better than the aggregate land. (2) soil organic carbon the content of organic carbon density increased with increasing years of reclamation, and reclamation in 13~15 years were higher than that of the control level of farmland, showed that the reclaimed soil in good conditions and appropriate management measures, the carbon sequestration capacity even More than natural soil reclamation. Soil carbon sequestration rate increased first and then decreased, reached the maximum at about after 13 years (about 0.186 kg m-2 yr-1). Correlation analysis showed that soil organic carbon increased with reclaimed water stable aggregates are closely related. (3) the content of soil organic carbon reclamation with soil aggregate the diameter decreased. Soil organic carbon reclamation main contribution from the fine aggregate, the mass fraction of its higher. With the extension of the reclamation time, particle size aggregates organic carbon content were gradually increased, but the aggregate organic carbon contribution rate with the reclamation time increased at first, and 13~15 years of reclamation began to gradually reduce, micro aggregate organic carbon contribution rate is just the opposite. In addition, the surface soil organic carbon content in organic carbon density and soil organic carbon content was higher than that in 20~40cm soil layer, to reveal the reclaimed soil It is important and significant to the process of accumulation of organic carbon conversion. (4) with the extension of reclamation, soil fine aggregates and micro aggregates of free LF, iPOM was significantly increased. Among them, the fine aggregate of free LF was higher than that of micro aggregates of free LF content, reflects the soil fresh plant residue firstly combined into large aggregates, and micro aggregates in fine particulate organic carbon in the reclaimed soil organic carbon content in the process of ascension plays a key role. The reclaimed soil aggregate turnover decreased in 5~15 years after reclamation accelerate.Mineral-C with reclamation years showed a rising trend, is an important component of soil organic carbon sequestration of soil total free LF. In 7 years after reclamation were significantly higher than that of farmland and wasteland, compared with tillage farmland surface vegetation residues, microbial activity may be more conducive to soil aggregation in vitro free LF in forest soil The accumulation of soil. While the size of reclaimed soil total iPOM content and total Mineral-C content was R7L7H7, and with R0.25 and SOC showed significant positive correlation (P0.01), shows that after 7 years of reunion in the iPOM content and Mineral-C content is mainly affected by the aggregate content and total organic carbon content (. 5) soil aggregation in vitro free LF content in the ratio of total organic carbon is 4.38%~10.72%, although the way of farming measures, land use response is very sensitive, but many plant and animal waste input, the effects of soil microclimate and soil surface conditions, and the aggregate aggregation process has little relationship. Soil organic carbon. The content of total organic carbon and the proportion of the size: Mineral-CiPOMfree LF, Mineral-C accounted for the highest proportion of total organic carbon (40.68%~49.18%). With the extension of the reclamation time, free LF grew fast after a slow first Mineral-C soon after the first slow, organic carbon After entering the soil, it was first stored in free LF and then transformed into iPOM and Mineral-C in the agglomerate. The transformation and accumulation process of organic carbon is closely related to the formation process of soil aggregates, and conforms to the conceptual model of aggregate turnover.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD849.5;TD88

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