本文選題：砂巖列柱 + 超聲波��； 參考：《中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：云岡石窟在自然環(huán)境、氣候變化及人為因素的影響下,其穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)面臨著多方面的威脅:巖體變形、破裂及錯位、強度降低等。自開鑿以來,對石窟的保護研究工作從未停止,其中地球物理勘探方法的運用最為廣泛。在閱讀大量文獻及參考資料后,發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)階段研究工作存在一定的局限性:地球物理勘探方法與穩(wěn)定性分析應怎樣進行有效的結合,仍處在探索階段;針對云岡石窟風化情況盡管采取了不同的地球物理勘探方法,但大部分止步于風化層厚度或風化現(xiàn)狀的研究,于后續(xù)的穩(wěn)定性分析沒有有效的銜接。因此將以云岡石窟砂巖列柱進行的超聲波探測結果,運用于列柱的穩(wěn)定性分析中,并對列柱的受力特性進行模擬和分析研究,對云岡石窟的保護及修復工作具有十分重要的指導意義。論文包含以下內(nèi)容:1.闡述了固體彈性力學的基本理論、超聲波檢測原理及穩(wěn)定性數(shù)值模擬的理論基礎,明確了以波速變化確定巖石風化情況的理論依據(jù)。2.通過對石窟地區(qū)的地質(zhì)背景的調(diào)查,對石質(zhì)文物目前面臨的各種病害進行了說明,如風化病害、鹽堿及粉塵污染;并確定了超聲波檢測的方案,對其數(shù)據(jù)進行處理后,得到列柱的風化現(xiàn)狀。3.對FLAC3D軟件進行了簡單介紹,并對規(guī)則砂巖列柱進行了模擬研究。結果表明:1.石柱底層風化最為嚴重,表面大部分已是強風化層,由于強風化巖石強度最弱,在面臨來自頂?shù)酌娴臄D壓時,巖石最易破碎;列柱中部,南側(cè)及東側(cè)風化嚴重為強風化層,其余方向較好,在面臨頂?shù)酌娴臄D壓時,其狀態(tài)較穩(wěn)定;石柱頂部,強風化分布范圍較少,巖石強度較好,在面臨頂?shù)酌娴膲毫r,表現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定。2.由列柱的受力變化可得,列柱不僅受壓應力,還受拉應力;列柱的主應力主要作用在列柱的北西側(cè)中等風化巖體和微分化巖體上。3.整體來說,列柱目前處在穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),但隨著時間的推移,列柱砂巖的抗壓強度仍會不斷下降,列柱的穩(wěn)定性會越來越弱。
[Abstract]:Under the influence of natural environment, climate change and human factors, the stability of Yungang Grottoes faces many threats: rock mass deformation, fracture and dislocation, and decrease of strength.Since the excavation, the research on the protection of the grottoes has never stopped, among which geophysical exploration methods are the most widely used.After reading a large number of documents and references, it is found that there are some limitations in the present research work: how to combine geophysical exploration methods with stability analysis is still in the exploration stage;Although different geophysical exploration methods have been adopted for the weathering of Yungang Grottoes, most of them stop at the study of the thickness of weathering layer or the present situation of weathering, and there is no effective connection in the subsequent stability analysis.Therefore, the ultrasonic detection results of the sandstone column in Yungang Grottoes will be applied to the stability analysis of the columns, and the stress characteristics of the columns will be simulated and analyzed.It is of great significance for the protection and restoration of Yungang Grottoes.The thesis contains the following contents: 1.The basic theory of solid elastic mechanics, the principle of ultrasonic testing and the theoretical basis of numerical simulation of stability are expounded, and the theoretical basis for determining the weathering of rock by wave velocity variation is defined.Through the investigation of geological background in the grottoes area, various diseases faced by stone relics are explained, such as weathering diseases, saline-alkali and dust pollution, and the ultrasonic detection scheme is determined, and the data are processed.The weathering status of column. 3.The FLAC3D software is introduced, and the regular sandstone column is simulated.The result shows that 1: 1.The most serious weathering is at the bottom of the column, and most of the surface is already a strongly weathered layer. Because of the weakest strength of the strongly weathered rock, the rock is most easily broken in the face of the compression from the top and bottom, and the weathering in the middle, south and east of the column is a strong weathering layer.The other directions are better, the state of the rock is stable when facing the extrusion of the top and bottom surface, and the distribution range of strong weathering is less at the top of the stone column, and the rock strength is better, and it is stable at the pressure of the top and bottom surface.According to the stress variation of column, the column is not only under compressive stress, but also under tensile stress, and the main stress of column is mainly on the middle weathered rock body and microdifferentiated rock mass on the north and west side of column.As a whole, the column is in a stable state at present, but with the passage of time, the compressive strength of the column sandstone will continue to decline, and the column stability will become weaker and weaker.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P631;P512.1

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