本文選題：大采高　切入點：綜采工作面　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：堅硬頂板普遍存在于我國煤礦綜采工作面的生產(chǎn)過程中，穩(wěn)定存在的堅硬頂板強度大且在開采過程中難以垮落，這就會帶來頂板事故。頂板事故在我國煤礦時有發(fā)生，嚴重影響煤礦安全生產(chǎn)，頂板在采掘生產(chǎn)過程中，突然發(fā)生冒落，對井下工人和生產(chǎn)設(shè)備的危害極大。尤其當厚層硬巖構(gòu)成煤層頂板時，即使頂板大面積懸露也很難垮落，，當懸露面積達到一定范圍時，頂板突然發(fā)生大面積垮落，首先因為其自身重力的直接作用，會對支架及工作面產(chǎn)生沖擊破壞作用；其次賦存于頂板巖石之中能量的突然釋放，會伴隨煤的彈射等沖擊礦壓現(xiàn)象；同時采空區(qū)的空氣發(fā)生瞬間沖出現(xiàn)象，強大氣流的沖擊作用，對設(shè)備的破壞和作業(yè)工人生命的威脅極其嚴重。因此，有必要采取措施對堅硬頂板進行強制放頂處理。 本文針對長平礦大采高綜采工作面堅硬頂板處理技術(shù)展開研究，結(jié)合本礦井以往工作面（4304工作面、4305工作面）在初采前堅硬頂板的爆破預(yù)裂處理效果，總結(jié)4304工作面、4305工作面爆破技術(shù)的不足，運用理論分析、試驗分析、現(xiàn)場分析等多種方法積極探索出4307大采高工作面堅硬頂板預(yù)裂技術(shù)。 首先收集長平煤礦資料以及井下現(xiàn)場鉆取長平煤礦3號煤層頂板巖芯，并對3號煤層頂板巖石進行力學(xué)實驗與實測分析等方法，對比分析開采3號煤層其他大采高綜采工作面（4304工作面、4305工作面）的巖層賦存情況和賦存規(guī)律，全面了解掌握4307工作面的頂板巖石力學(xué)性質(zhì)及其分層厚度及分層巖性；對類似頂板條件的4301工作面進行礦壓觀測，以及采用理論分析得出該礦3號煤頂板的礦壓顯現(xiàn)規(guī)律，為4307工作面頂板預(yù)裂方案的提出提供理論依據(jù)； 其次通過運用爆破基礎(chǔ)理論，從原理和方法對淺孔爆破和深孔爆破兩類方法在頂板預(yù)裂過程中各自發(fā)揮的作用以及過程進行深入分析；結(jié)合4307工作面實際條件，在對比分析4304、4305工作面爆破方法的基礎(chǔ)上，確定預(yù)裂爆破的主要參數(shù)，爆破炮孔間距根據(jù)分析計算爆破產(chǎn)生的裂隙帶來確定，通過分析巖層斷裂的基本規(guī)律以及頂板巖層的巖性分布來確定頂板預(yù)裂爆破處理深度。 最后總結(jié)4304、4305工作面頂板預(yù)裂爆破經(jīng)驗，結(jié)合4304、4305工作面的爆破技術(shù)，克服4304、4305工作面爆破技術(shù)方法的不足，設(shè)計并提出一種合理的頂板預(yù)裂爆破方式——小孔徑深淺孔綜合爆破技術(shù)，對4307工作面堅硬頂板進行爆破預(yù)裂，最后著重對比分析預(yù)裂爆破前后工作面頂板的來壓情況、爆破預(yù)裂前后支架的工作阻力情況和爆破預(yù)裂前后瓦斯?jié)舛鹊确矫�，從而能對該爆破方式的合理性進行驗證，為大采高工作面存在堅硬頂板這一類條件的礦區(qū)的安全開采提供一定的參考指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:Hard roof exists in China coal mine fully mechanized working face in the process of production, hard roof strength and stability are large and difficult to collapse in the mining process, which will bring the roof accident. The roof accidents have occurred in China's coal mines, seriously affect the safe production of coal mine, the roof in mining production process, suddenly take place fall on the underground workers and production equipment is very harmful. Especially when the thick layer of hard rock roof form, even if the roof hanging is also very difficult to collapse, when the hanging area reaches a certain range, a large area of roof caving, firstly because of the direct effect of its own gravity, to support working face and impact damage; secondly the occurrence of a sudden release of energy in roof rock, coal will be accompanied by the ejection etc. rockburst phenomenon; at the same time the goaf air rushed out, a strong atmosphere The impact of the flow is extremely serious to the destruction of the equipment and the life of the workers. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to carry out the forced caving treatment of the hard top plate.
Aiming at the Changping Mine Mining fully mechanized working face of hard roof processing technology research, combined with the previous work of the mine (4304 working face, 4305 face) in the pre splitting blasting effect of hard roof in the initial mining, summed up the 4304 work face, lack of surface blasting technology 4305, through theoretical analysis, experiment analysis of a variety of methods, site analysis explores 4307 mining blasting face of hard roof.
The first collection of Changping Mine data and underground drilling site of Changping Mine No. 3 coal seam roof rock mechanics experiment, and test analysis of No. 3 coal seam roof rock, comparative analysis of No. 3 seam mining and other large mining height fully mechanized working face (4304 face, 4305 face) strata occurrence and occurrence. Fully understand the 4307 working face roof rock mechanical properties and layer thickness and layer lithology; mineral pressure observation of 4301 working face of similar roof conditions, and the theoretical analysis is significant in the mine pressure law of No. 3 coal mine roof, and provide a theoretical basis for the roof of working face 4307 pre splitting scheme;
Secondly, through the use of blasting theory, from the principle and method of shallow hole blasting and deep hole blasting method in two kinds of roof pre splitting process of their role and the process of in-depth analysis; combined with the actual conditions of 4307 working face, 43044305 face blasting method based on comparing and analyzing the parameters of pre splitting blasting. The blasting hole spacing according to the analysis and calculation of blasting cracks caused by the basic law, analysis of rock fracture and roof rock lithology to determine the depth of roof pre splitting blasting treatment.
Finally, 43044305 roof pre splitting blasting experience, combined with the blasting technology of 43044305 working face, overcoming the shortcomings of 43044305 working face blasting method, put forward a reasonable roof pre splitting blasting of small diameter deep shallow hole blasting technology and integrated design, the 4307 working face of hard roof of pre splitting blasting, finally emphatically compared analysis of pre splitting blasting and the roof of working face pressure, pre splitting blasting and support working resistance and pre splitting blasting and gas concentration etc., so as to enable the rational way of blasting for verification, for large mining height working face existence condition of this kind of hard roof mining area to provide a reference the guidance of safe mining.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD235.33

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