本文選題：GIS　切入點(diǎn)：空間分析　出處：《湖南科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著人類文明的進(jìn)步,工業(yè)發(fā)展進(jìn)程越來越快,人類對(duì)礦產(chǎn)資源的需求和開采也日益增長(zhǎng),與此同時(shí),在對(duì)礦產(chǎn)資源的開發(fā)過程中難免伴隨著生態(tài)環(huán)境的惡化和對(duì)自然界的破壞,由此產(chǎn)生的重金屬污染不容小視。人類的礦產(chǎn)開采活動(dòng)把原本深埋于地下的金屬礦石暴露于大氣與地表上,通過降雨、徑流、沉降等水文循環(huán)使得重金屬元素?cái)U(kuò)散到河流、土壤、大氣中,對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境造成污染,同時(shí)也對(duì)人類的生存環(huán)境構(gòu)成威脅。本研究將以湖南省的冷水江市錫礦山銻礦區(qū)作為研究區(qū),通過野外采樣、調(diào)查、室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)樣品中六種重金屬(Sb、Zn、Cu、Ni、Pb、Cd)的含量進(jìn)行測(cè)定,并引入地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析方法研究礦區(qū)土水界面污染流中重金屬的污染特征、重金屬污染的空間結(jié)構(gòu)特征并分析來源。1.對(duì)在降雨且形成地表徑流的條件下采集的204個(gè)土水界面污染流樣品中的重金屬含量進(jìn)行測(cè)定,經(jīng)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)除了重金屬Ni的最大值低于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值以外,另外五種金屬Sb、Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd的最大值都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值,分別是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值的497.1、2.0、1.8、22.2倍。Sb的所有樣本數(shù)據(jù)全部超標(biāo)而且污染指數(shù)最高,Zn、Pb和Cd的一半樣本超標(biāo),Ni的超標(biāo)率為0。表明除了Ni以外研究區(qū)內(nèi)其他五種重金屬的污染程度比較嚴(yán)重,Cd污染指數(shù)較低,說明局部地區(qū)存在較嚴(yán)重的污染。2.對(duì)土水界面污染流中六種重金屬元素的空間結(jié)構(gòu)特征進(jìn)行分析,得到了半變異函數(shù)的最佳擬合模型及模型參數(shù),模型擬合效果較好,擬合模型的決定系數(shù)R2在0.721-0.976之間,塊金值C0和基臺(tái)值C+C0的比值范圍為0.0767-0.559,表明六種金屬元素具有較強(qiáng)的空間相關(guān)性。3.在GIS軟件的ArcMap中對(duì)銻礦區(qū)土水界面污染流中六種重金屬元素的空間分布進(jìn)行插值繪圖,結(jié)果表明研究區(qū)內(nèi)土水界面污染流重金屬Ni、Pb、Cd的污染分布比較相似,主要集中在南北兩端和東部,而且居民生活、交通運(yùn)輸和工業(yè)活動(dòng)是形成污染的主要原因。Sb的分布主要集中在中部,和礦山、冶煉廠的位置重合,說明研究區(qū)內(nèi)礦業(yè)、工業(yè)活動(dòng)是造成Sb污染的主要原因。Zn和Cu的污染分布比較相似,主要集中在南北兩端和西部,位置與礦山、鋅廠、居民區(qū)、交通繁忙區(qū)重合,說明這兩種重金屬來源比較廣泛。4.除重金屬Sb在研究區(qū)內(nèi)是以倒置的“U”形分布以外,其他五種重金屬元素都大致以“U”形分布。所以總體來說重金屬Sb在中部的污染程度大于周邊,而另外五種重元素則相反。
[Abstract]:With the progress of human civilization, the process of industrial development is getting faster and faster, and the demand and exploitation of mineral resources are also increasing. At the same time, In the process of exploitation of mineral resources, the deterioration of ecological environment and the destruction of nature are inevitable. The heavy metal pollution caused by this is not to be ignored. Human mining activities expose metal ores buried deep in the ground to the atmosphere and the surface. Heavy metal elements spread to rivers through hydrological cycles such as rainfall, runoff, sedimentation and so on. Soil, atmosphere, pollution to the ecological environment, but also pose a threat to human survival environment. This study will take Lengshuijiang City, Hunan Province Xikuangshan antimony ore area as a research area, through field sampling, investigation, The contents of six heavy metals in the samples were determined in laboratory, and the pollution characteristics of heavy metals in the soil-water interface of mining area were studied by using geostatistical analysis method. The spatial structure characteristics of heavy metal pollution and its source. 1. The contents of heavy metals in 204 soil-water interface polluted stream samples collected under the condition of rainfall and formation of surface runoff were determined. The statistical analysis shows that the maximum value of the heavy metal Ni is lower than the standard value, and the maximum value of the other five metals, SB ~ (2 +) Zn ~ (2 +) Cu ~ ((2 +)) Pb ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +), All the sample data of 497.1 / 2. 0 / 1. 8 / 2. 2 times of Sb were all in excess of the standard, and the ratio of exceeding the standard was 0 for half of the samples with the highest pollution index (Zn, Pb and CD), which indicated that the pollution ratio of the other five heavy metals in the study area except Ni was higher than that of the other five kinds of heavy metals. More serious pollution index of CD is lower, The spatial structure characteristics of six heavy metal elements in soil-water interface pollution flow are analyzed, and the best fitting model and model parameters of semi-variogram are obtained, and the fitting effect of the model is good. The determination coefficient R2 of the fitting model is between 0.721-0.976, The ratio range of block gold value C 0 and base value C C 0 is 0.0767-0.559, which indicates that the six metal elements have strong spatial correlation .3.The spatial distribution of six heavy metal elements in soil-water interface pollution stream of antimony ore area is interpolated in ArcMap of GIS software. The results show that the pollution distribution of heavy metal Ni PbN CD at the soil-water interface in the study area is similar, mainly concentrated at the two ends of the north and the south and in the east, and the residents live in the same area. Traffic, transportation and industrial activities are the main causes of pollution. The distribution of Sb is mainly concentrated in the central region, coinciding with the location of mines and smelters, indicating the mining industry in the study area. Industrial activity is the main cause of SB pollution. The pollution distribution of Zn and Cu is similar, mainly concentrated at the two ends of north and south and west. The location coincides with that of mines, zinc factories, residential areas, and areas with heavy traffic. The results show that the two heavy metals come from a wide range of sources, except for the inverted "U" shape distribution of the heavy metal SB in the study area. The other five heavy metals are distributed in the "U" shape, so the pollution degree of SB in the middle is higher than that in the periphery, while the other five heavy elements are opposite.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X753;X53;X52

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號(hào)：1690649