本文選題：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)　切入點：井下同步　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會和科技的全面發(fā)展，煤炭工業(yè)逐漸成為我國的支撐性產(chǎn)業(yè)。無線通信技術(shù)的不斷成熟和傳感技術(shù)的日益發(fā)展，將無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)推動到國民生產(chǎn)和日常生活的各個領(lǐng)域中。針對我國煤礦分布較為廣泛和開采難度較大的特殊現(xiàn)狀，無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的到來將會對其產(chǎn)生劃時代的意義。 煤礦井下安監(jiān)系統(tǒng)包括多種組成部分，時間同步作為其中基礎(chǔ)組件技術(shù)之一，彌補了GPS及其他基礎(chǔ)時間服務(wù)信號無法為井下工作提供時間信息的約束，，為井下人員的安全和國家資源的保護提供可靠保障。傳統(tǒng)時間同步算法雖然可以在較短時間內(nèi)達到較高的同步精度，但卻存在著同步誤差隨跳距積累、能耗大、容錯性低等問題，不適用于煤礦井下的特殊應(yīng)用。因此，在對無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)、井下開采和分布環(huán)境進行分析，以及對時間同步算法研究的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了將煤礦井下無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)時間同步算法研究與實現(xiàn)作為本文的研究方向。 首先，本文針對傳統(tǒng)時間同步算法雙向交換數(shù)據(jù)包以獲得較高同步精度而導(dǎo)致過大能耗的現(xiàn)象，結(jié)合煤礦井下環(huán)境的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)，在分析雙向成對同步機制與單向廣播同步機制的基礎(chǔ)上，利用廣播傳輸特性將兩種算法有效結(jié)合起來，提出一種基于簇狀結(jié)構(gòu)的低功耗雙向時間同步算法。并通過實驗驗證了算法的正確性，確定了該算法解決傳統(tǒng)算法運用于煤礦井下能耗過大問題的可行性。 其次，本文針對無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)對節(jié)點在精度、強壯性等方面的要求，結(jié)合傳統(tǒng)時間同步算法在煤礦井下應(yīng)用過程中對差錯冗余度較低的問題，提出一種面向煤礦井下的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)容錯性時間同步算法。該算法結(jié)合井下特殊結(jié)構(gòu)，在研究FTSP算法的基礎(chǔ)上，運用動態(tài)選舉根節(jié)點以及避免重復(fù)發(fā)送策略使得新加入節(jié)點得以快速收斂；結(jié)合無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有的拓撲動態(tài)變化性、以及通信過程中信道半雙工性等特點，通過概率統(tǒng)計學(xué)中的殘差分析理論，對線性回歸算法進行改進和提升，從而利用差錯判斷來剔除閾值范圍以外的數(shù)據(jù)點，減少其對擬合曲線的影響，抑制由異常數(shù)據(jù)點所引起的同步誤差大幅度跳變，并在節(jié)點上對時鐘漂移和偏移引起的誤差進行補償，對算法可靠性和容錯性方面進行相應(yīng)提升。 最后，在由11個GainZ節(jié)點組成的時間同步測試平臺上通過TinyOS操作系統(tǒng)進行實際的運行測試，并在同步精度、能耗、網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓撲變化對同步誤差影響的三個指標上與傳統(tǒng)算法進行對比。 實驗結(jié)果表明：所提出的面向煤礦井下時間同步算法能夠使用較低的能耗達到與傳統(tǒng)算法相近的同步精度與收斂速度，且具有可適應(yīng)無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓撲動態(tài)變化的健壯性，其精度和能耗均滿足井下同步所需。
[Abstract]:With the overall development of society and science and technology, the coal industry has gradually become the supporting industry of our country. Wireless sensor network (WSN) will be promoted into the fields of national production and daily life. In view of the wide distribution of coal mines and the difficulty of mining in China, the arrival of WSN will have epoch-making significance. The underground safety monitoring system of coal mine includes many components. As one of the basic component technologies, time synchronization makes up for the constraint that GPS and other basic time service signals can not provide time information for underground work. The traditional time synchronization algorithm can achieve high synchronization precision in a short time, but the synchronization error accumulates with the jump distance, and the energy consumption is large, while the traditional time synchronization algorithm can provide reliable guarantee for the safety of underground personnel and the protection of national resources, although the traditional time synchronization algorithm can achieve a higher synchronization accuracy in a relatively short time. Therefore, based on the analysis of wireless sensor network, underground mining and distribution environment, as well as the research of time synchronization algorithm, In this paper, the research and implementation of time synchronization algorithm for underground wireless sensor networks in coal mines are proposed. Firstly, aiming at the phenomenon that the traditional time synchronization algorithm switches data packets bidirectionally in order to obtain high synchronization precision and lead to excessive energy consumption, this paper combines the special structure of underground coal mine environment. Based on the analysis of the bidirectional pairwise synchronization mechanism and the one-way broadcast synchronization mechanism, the two algorithms are effectively combined by using the broadcast transmission characteristics. A low power bidirectional time synchronization algorithm based on cluster structure is proposed, and the correctness of the algorithm is verified by experiments, and the feasibility of applying this algorithm to the problem of excessive energy consumption in coal mines is determined. Secondly, aiming at the requirements of the wireless sensor network in the aspects of accuracy and robustness, combined with the traditional time synchronization algorithm, the problem of low error redundancy in underground coal mine is discussed. This paper presents a fault tolerant time synchronization algorithm for underground wireless sensor networks in coal mines, which combines with the special structure of coal mine, and based on the research of FTSP algorithm. Dynamic selection of root nodes and avoidance of repeat transmission strategy are used to make the new join nodes converge rapidly, combined with the dynamic topology of wireless sensor networks, and the channel half-duplex in the communication process, and so on. Through the residual analysis theory in probability and statistics, the linear regression algorithm is improved and promoted, and the error judgment is used to eliminate the data points outside the threshold range and reduce its influence on the fitting curve. The synchronization error caused by abnormal data points is restrained and the errors caused by clock drift and offset are compensated on the node. The reliability and fault tolerance of the algorithm are improved accordingly. Finally, on the time synchronization test platform composed of 11 GainZ nodes, the actual running test is carried out through the TinyOS operating system, and the synchronization accuracy and energy consumption are obtained. The effect of network topology on synchronization error is compared with the traditional algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed time synchronization algorithm for coal mines can achieve similar synchronization accuracy and convergence speed with lower energy consumption, and is robust to the dynamic changes of wireless sensor network topology. Its precision and energy consumption meet the need of underground synchronization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD65;TN929.5;TP212.9

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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本文編號：1664495