本文選題：柱狀藥包　切入點(diǎn)：相似材料　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文以相似理論和漏斗理論為基礎(chǔ),對填塞高度不同的情況下柱狀藥包爆破漏斗自由面速度場及模型內(nèi)應(yīng)力場分布規(guī)律進(jìn)行研究。基于相似理論和爆破理論,運(yùn)用量綱分析法推導(dǎo)出柱狀藥包爆破漏斗模型試驗(yàn)應(yīng)該遵循的相似準(zhǔn)則,通過相似材料的配比試驗(yàn),選出合適的相似材料配比,用于試驗(yàn)現(xiàn)場的模型澆筑。對試驗(yàn)場模型進(jìn)行單孔爆破漏斗試驗(yàn),分別研究了長徑比、填塞高度對爆破效果的影響,得出:隨填塞高度增加,長徑比相同爆破漏斗體積逐漸增大,增加的幅度約為45%～～250%,炸藥單耗逐漸降低,降低的幅度約為30%～71%:隨長徑比增大,填塞相同爆破漏斗體積逐漸增大,增加的幅度約為14%～97%,炸藥單耗也是逐漸增大,增大的趨勢約為13%～75%。利用高速攝影系統(tǒng)對柱狀藥包爆破漏斗模型試驗(yàn)的自由面進(jìn)行了拍攝,采集了爆破漏斗的初始爆破過程,得到了鼓包運(yùn)動輪廓曲線和鼓包自由面中心運(yùn)動速度變化規(guī)律。高速攝影拍攝結(jié)果表明:鼓包表面的運(yùn)動形態(tài)和鼓包中心的運(yùn)動速度都有十分相似的變化規(guī)律,即鼓包表面的運(yùn)動形態(tài)大致表現(xiàn)為模型中心向外“凸”出,高度是最高的,而中心周邊的突起高度則是逐漸降低的;鼓包運(yùn)動向上突出的高低與裝藥量的大小成正比,與最小抵抗線的大小成反比;模型的鼓包表面中心的運(yùn)動速度表現(xiàn)出“加速—勻速—二次加速—減速”的特征。利用超動態(tài)應(yīng)變系統(tǒng)測試藥包周圍應(yīng)力場,采集了不同位置的應(yīng)變波,獲得了應(yīng)變波的分布特征。超動態(tài)應(yīng)變測試結(jié)果表明:爆炸源附近位置首先產(chǎn)生壓縮波,尤其是徑向應(yīng)變獲得了很大的負(fù)應(yīng)變,各測點(diǎn)的應(yīng)變都急劇變化;炮孔的裝藥量越大,最大負(fù)應(yīng)變越大;測點(diǎn)距離爆炸中心越遠(yuǎn),最大負(fù)應(yīng)變越小;長徑比相同時模型直徑越大測得實(shí)際應(yīng)力波波形與理論應(yīng)力波傳播規(guī)律越相近。
[Abstract]:On the basis of similarity theory and funnel theory, this paper studies the velocity field of funnel free surface and the distribution of stress field in the model under the condition of different packing height, based on similarity theory and blasting theory. The similarity criterion of funnel model test in cylindrical charge blasting is deduced by using dimensional analysis method. Through the proportion test of similar materials, the suitable proportion of similar materials is selected. The experiment of single hole blasting funnel was carried out on the test site model. The effects of aspect ratio and packing height on blasting effect were studied, and it was concluded that with the increase of packing height, The volume of the blasting funnel of the same aspect ratio increases gradually, the increasing range is about 45 / 250, the unit consumption of the explosive decreases gradually, and the reducing range is about 30 ~ 71cm: with the increase of the aspect ratio, the volume of the same blasting funnel increases, and the volume of the same blasting funnel increases with the increase of the ratio of length to diameter. The increasing range is about 14 / 97, and the unit charge of explosive is also gradually increasing, and the increasing trend is about 13 / 75. The free surface of the model test of cylindrical cartridge blasting funnel is photographed by using the high speed photography system, and the initial blasting process of the blasting funnel is collected. The contour curve of the drum and the velocity of the free surface of the drum are obtained. The results of high-speed photography show that the motion pattern of the drum surface and the velocity of the drum center are very similar. That is to say, the motion form of the bulge surface approximately shows that the center of the model "protrudes" outwards, the height is the highest, and the height of the protuberance around the center decreases gradually, and the upwardly projecting height of the bulge movement is in direct proportion to the amount of charge. The velocity of the center of the bulge surface of the model shows the characteristic of "acceleration-uniform speed-second acceleration-deceleration". The stress field around the cartridge is measured by super dynamic strain system. The strain waves at different positions are collected and the distribution characteristics of the strain waves are obtained. The results of superdynamic strain measurement show that the compression wave is first produced near the explosion source, especially the large negative strain is obtained by radial strain. The strain of each measuring point changes rapidly, the larger the charge quantity of the hole, the greater the maximum negative strain, the farther the measuring point is from the explosion center, the smaller the maximum negative strain is. When the ratio of length to diameter is the same, the larger the diameter of the model is, the closer the propagation law of the actual stress wave is to the theoretical stress wave.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD235.2

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