本文選題：采煤機　切入點：煤巖識別　出處：《煤炭科學研究總院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：煤巖界面識別技術(shù)使采煤機在截割作業(yè)時具有自動追蹤煤巖界面的能力,即采煤機按照頂板和底板的變化規(guī)律或者按照人們設定的規(guī)律自動調(diào)節(jié)采煤機滾筒高度�？煽康淖R別系統(tǒng)有巨大的經(jīng)濟效益以及安全價值,能提高煤層回采率;減少矸石、硫等成分的含量,提高原煤質(zhì)量;減少設備磨損,延長機器壽命,提高設備可靠性;減少工作面工人數(shù)量,實現(xiàn)"無人跟機作業(yè)"的開采場景,實現(xiàn)煤礦區(qū)采煤工作面智能化開采。大量學者對基于振動信號的煤巖界面自動識別技術(shù)進行研究,但尚未有成熟的產(chǎn)品很好的滿足采煤工作面的實際需求。由于實驗條件以及現(xiàn)實情況的限制,導致很多方法都停留在實驗室以及理論層面,未能把理論與實踐很好的結(jié)合在一起。鑒于此本文依托煤機企業(yè)與煤礦企業(yè)的優(yōu)勢,研制了新型采煤機搖臂截割振動信號采集與識別裝置,與采煤機電控系統(tǒng)通訊,采集采煤機不同負載時振動信號并關(guān)聯(lián)存儲采煤機實時工況信息。本文敘述了采煤機的工作原理、分析了采煤機滾筒破煤原理,利用采煤機截割振動信號采集與識別裝置采集采煤機截割作業(yè)時,搖臂振動信號并進行分析與處理,得出:采煤機截割負載類型變化時,Y軸方向振動信號最為敏感;通過歸一化處理后,振動信號時域特征值有短時能量、時域峭度指標及短時過零率;振動信號頻域特征值有信號倒頻譜距離Dcep,及第一 Mel尺度濾波器的Mel尺度倒譜系數(shù)MFCC。論文完成的主要工作和結(jié)論:(1)詳細地論述了基于振動信號的煤巖界面識別技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀,指出實現(xiàn)智能化開采、工作面無人化的煤礦生產(chǎn)要求亟需綜采設備采煤機煤巖界面自動識別技術(shù),提出了基于采煤機截割特性分析的研究內(nèi)容、方案及技術(shù)路線。(2)在研究采煤機振動信號產(chǎn)生機理與傳播特性的基礎上,研制了新型采煤機振動信號采集與識別裝置,采集裝置安裝處采煤機三軸振動信號,在MG900/2400-WD采煤機上測試,采集并記錄了大量高精度數(shù)據(jù)。(3)利用采煤機截割振動信號采集與識別裝置獲取的采煤機狀態(tài)信息,利用數(shù)字信號處理技術(shù),對振動信號進行時域、頻域波形分析,振動特性與割煤、割巖工況下的測試數(shù)據(jù)分析,負載與振動信號時域、頻域特征值提取以及不同工況下的時域與頻域特征對比分析,確定時域、頻域特征值完成對采煤機截割負載的識別。最后,對論文的主要研究工作和創(chuàng)新性成果進行了總結(jié),并對下一步的研究工作進行了展望。
[Abstract]:The coal and rock interface recognition technology enables the shearer to track the coal and rock interface automatically during cutting operation. That is, the shearer automatically adjusts the height of the shearer drum according to the changing law of roof and floor or according to the law set by people. A reliable recognition system has great economic benefit and safety value, it can improve coal seam recovery rate and reduce gangue. The content of sulfur and other components can improve the quality of raw coal, reduce the wear of equipment, prolong the life of the machine, improve the reliability of the equipment, reduce the number of working face workers, and realize the mining scene of "unattended machine working". The intelligent mining of coal face in coal mining area is realized. A large number of scholars have studied the automatic recognition technology of coal and rock interface based on vibration signal. However, there are not mature products to meet the actual needs of coal mining face. Due to the limitations of experimental conditions and practical conditions, many methods remain in the laboratory and theoretical level. In view of the advantages of coal mining enterprises and coal mining enterprises, a new type of shearer rocker cutting vibration signal acquisition and identification device is developed, which communicates with the shearer electric control system. The vibration signals of shearer under different loads are collected and stored in real time. The working principle of shearer is described in this paper, and the principle of breaking coal in drum of shearer is analyzed. The vibration signal of rocker arm is collected, analyzed and processed by means of the vibration signal acquisition and identification device of shearer cutting. It is concluded that the vibration signal of Y axis is the most sensitive when the cutting load type of shearer changes; After normalization, the time domain eigenvalues of vibration signals have short time energy, time domain kurtosis index and short time zero crossing rate. The frequency domain eigenvalues of vibration signal include signal cepstrum distance, and Mel scale cepstrum coefficient of the first Mel scale filter. The main work and conclusion of this paper are discussed in detail. The research status of coal and rock interface recognition technology based on vibration signal is discussed in detail. It is pointed out that the automatic recognition technology of coal and rock interface of fully mechanized mining equipment shearer is urgently needed to realize intelligent mining and no man made coal face production, and the research content based on cutting characteristic analysis of shearer is put forward. On the basis of studying the mechanism of vibration signal generation and propagation characteristics of shearer, a new type of vibration signal acquisition and identification device for shearer is developed, and the three-axis vibration signal of shearer is installed in the collecting device. A large number of high precision data are collected and recorded on MG900/2400-WD shearer. The state information of shearer is acquired by means of cutting vibration signal acquisition and identification device. The vibration signal is processed in time domain by digital signal processing technology. Frequency domain waveform analysis, vibration characteristic and coal cutting, test data analysis under rock cutting condition, load and vibration signal time domain, frequency domain eigenvalue extraction and contrast analysis of time domain and frequency domain characteristic under different working conditions are determined. The characteristic value in frequency domain is used to identify the cutting load of shearer. Finally, the main research work and innovative achievements are summarized, and the future research work is prospected.
【學位授予單位】：煤炭科學研究總院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD632.1

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