本文選題：水力割縫　切入點：沖擊地壓　出處：《太原理工大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：沖擊地壓是指煤炭開采過程中，煤巖體在一定條件的高應力作用下突然失穩(wěn)而發(fā)生破壞的礦井動力現(xiàn)象，是采動空間周邊煤巖體在礦山壓力作用下，以煤巖體突出為特征的礦山壓力動力顯現(xiàn)。是煤礦重大事故災害之一，嚴重威脅著礦井的安全生產(chǎn)。 同煤集團忻州窯礦是典型的淺部（埋深380米）沖擊地壓礦井，自開采以來多次發(fā)生沖擊地壓。曾用鉆孔卸壓、卸壓槽、爆破卸壓、水力致裂等方法治理，起到了一定的效果，但這些方法仍存在一定的缺陷，例如爆破卸壓容易產(chǎn)生二次災害等。本次試驗針對8937工作面狀況，提出利用水力割縫防治沖擊地壓，取得了良好的效果，水力割縫具有很好的推廣價值。本文主要工作和研究成果如下： 通過研究8937面實際情況，結(jié)合地質(zhì)情況、煤巖特性、工作面周圍情況、原巖應力測量等討論了該礦發(fā)生沖擊地壓的誘發(fā)因素，認為地質(zhì)構(gòu)造、相鄰工作面及留設煤柱、“兩硬”條件、原巖應力是誘發(fā)該礦沖擊地壓的主要因素。 分析了水力割縫防治沖擊地壓機理，完成了割縫設備的組裝和調(diào)試，并在井下施工前進行了實驗研究，確定了相關(guān)割縫參數(shù)。對施工巷道進行了水力割縫數(shù)值模擬研究，確定了鉆孔長度，并模擬了割縫與不割縫巷道穩(wěn)定性差別，結(jié)果表明水力割縫能有效防治沖擊地壓的發(fā)生。 為使水力割縫防治沖擊地壓達到最優(yōu)效果，對割縫角度、鉆孔間距、割縫速度等進行對比研究，根據(jù)壓力變化、排渣量的多少等將水壓確定為60MPa，割縫速度為8cm/min，鉆孔間距為1.5m，，割縫深度8～10m，割縫角度為0°。 本文通過五種方式對割縫效果進行評測：鉆孔壓力變化、微震信號分析、巷道變形分析、鉆孔電視監(jiān)測、和含水率變化，結(jié)果表明：水力割縫后煤巖體內(nèi)的應力得到釋放和轉(zhuǎn)移，應力向深部和兩側(cè)轉(zhuǎn)移，使沖擊地壓發(fā)生的風險降低，有效的防治了沖擊地壓的發(fā)生。
[Abstract]:The impact ground pressure is the dynamic phenomenon of coal and rock sudden instability and destruction in the process of coal mining under the action of high stress under certain conditions. It is the coal and rock mass around the mining space under the action of mine pressure. Mine pressure dynamics, characterized by outburst of coal and rock mass, is one of the major accidents in coal mines, which seriously threatens the safety of mine production. Xinzhou Kiln Mine of Tongshan Coal Group is a typical shallow (380 meters buried depth) impact ground pressure mine, which has occurred many times since mining. It has been treated by drilling hole pressure relief, pressure relief trough, blasting pressure relief, hydraulic fracturing and so on, and has played a certain effect. However, these methods still have some defects, such as blasting pressure relief is easy to produce secondary disasters and so on. According to the condition of 8937 working face, this experiment puts forward the use of hydraulic cutting joint to prevent and control the impact ground pressure, which has achieved good results. The main work and research results of this paper are as follows:. By studying the actual situation of 8937 face, combining the geological conditions, coal and rock characteristics, the surrounding conditions of the face and the stress measurement of the original rock, the paper discusses the induced factors of the rock burst in the mine, and considers that the geological structure, The rock stress is the main factor that induces the rock burst in the adjacent working face and the remaining coal pillar under the conditions of "two hard" and the original rock stress. This paper analyzes the mechanism of hydraulic joint preventing and controlling impact ground pressure, completes the assembly and debugging of cutting equipment, and carries out experimental research before underground construction, and determines the relevant joint parameters. The numerical simulation of hydraulic joint is carried out in the construction roadway. The length of borehole is determined and the difference of stability between slit and uncut roadway is simulated. The results show that hydraulic slit can effectively prevent the occurrence of rock burst. In order to achieve the optimum effect of hydraulic slit preventing and controlling impact ground pressure, a comparative study is made on the angle of cutting, the spacing of boreholes and the cutting speed, etc., according to the change of pressure, The water pressure is determined to be 60 MPA, the cutting speed is 8 cm / min, the interval between boreholes is 1.5 m, the depth of slit is 810 m, and the angle is 0 擄. In this paper, the effect of cutting joint is evaluated in five ways: borehole pressure change, microseismic signal analysis, roadway deformation analysis, borehole television monitoring, and water content change. The results show that the stress in coal and rock is released and transferred after hydraulic fracture cutting, and the stress is transferred to deep and both sides, which reduces the risk of rock burst and effectively prevents the occurrence of rock burst.
【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD324

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