本文選題：堆浸尾礦　切入點(diǎn)：形態(tài)分析　出處：《江西理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：堆浸技術(shù)以其投資少、工藝簡單、管理簡單及見效快等特點(diǎn)在風(fēng)化殼淋積型稀土早期開采中受到重視,但浸礦后堆積如山的礦渣釋放出的稀土元素及浸取劑等污染物改變原土壤的特性,影響生態(tài)環(huán)境。本論文以江西贛州市贛縣風(fēng)化殼淋積型稀土堆浸尾礦為研究區(qū)域,采用地統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法研究土壤中稀土、稀土形態(tài)、殘留浸取劑及其次生物含量和分布空間變異性,并通過克里金法(Kriging)進(jìn)行空間含量插值。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)尾礦中La元素的變異強(qiáng)度最大,變異系數(shù)為170%,其他稀土含量變異系數(shù)屬于中等變異強(qiáng)度。尾礦中稀土元素含量的均值來看,存在很大差異,Tb的含量為3.49mg/kg,而Nd、Eu和Dy分別為1479.22 mg/kg,3642.81 mg/kg,1919.56 mg/kg。插值結(jié)果顯示,尾礦中La元素含量由北到南成階梯狀逐漸減少,而Eu元素的分布情況由北到南逐漸增加,其余稀土元素分布情況大致相似,由西北方位到東南方位逐漸增加。尾礦東南方位礦渣中稀土含量高,可進(jìn)行二次開采,其他含量低的礦渣可用于建材或催化劑研制等行業(yè)。(2)尾礦中可交換態(tài)稀土元素大量富集于南面,是由于稀土可交換態(tài)具有較強(qiáng)的活性,容易溶解到雨水中,因雨水的沖刷,稀土元素被帶到地勢低的地方;稀土碳酸鹽結(jié)合態(tài)含量分布相對均勻,并未出現(xiàn)明顯的局部含量突出的現(xiàn)象;稀土鐵錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)在西北方位含量相對較低,在尾礦的東面含量相對富集;對于稀土有機(jī)物結(jié)合態(tài)含量分布并沒有明顯的分布趨勢,尾礦的東南方位比其他區(qū)域的含量相對小,同時(shí)局部有明顯的稀土富集;稀土殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)含量由西到東逐漸增加。尾礦中稀土元素容易被釋放出來,被植物吸收利用,對植物的生長危害大,同時(shí)也危害周邊的生態(tài)環(huán)境。(3)尾礦土壤p H值在3.75~5.57之間,呈現(xiàn)極強(qiáng)酸性或強(qiáng)酸性,有機(jī)質(zhì)的含量最小值只有2.50 mg/kg,最大值為32.76 mg/kg,總體屬于極缺等級;尾礦中p H值與銨態(tài)氮、硝態(tài)氮之間呈現(xiàn)負(fù)相關(guān);通過對尾礦中殘留浸取劑及其次生物數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行空間含量分布模擬,尾礦中銨態(tài)氮含量基本在3.0~7.0 mg/kg之間,含量變化比較穩(wěn)定;對比銨態(tài)氮與硝態(tài)氮空間分布圖,銨態(tài)氮含量低的位置反而硝態(tài)氮含量高;硫酸根含量在西北方位比較低,而西南-東南方位含量比較高。礦區(qū)植被恢復(fù)建議構(gòu)建以豆類植物、馬尾松、蕨類植物等為主的群落。
[Abstract]:Heap leaching technology has been paid attention to in the early mining of weathered crust leaching rare earths because of its characteristics of low investment, simple process, simple management and quick effect. However, the rare earth elements and extractant released from the heap slag after leaching change the characteristics of the original soil and affect the ecological environment. In this paper, the tailings of weathered crust leaching type rare earth in Ganxian County, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, are taken as the research area. The methods of geostatistical analysis were used to study the spatial variability of rare earths, forms of rare earths, residual extractants and their secondary biological contents in soils. The results show that the variation intensity of La element in the tailings is the largest. The coefficient of variation is 170, and the coefficient of variation of other rare earth contents is of moderate variation intensity. There is a significant difference in the average content of rare earth elements in tailings between 3.49 mg / kg, and 1479.22 mg / kg ~ (-1) mg / kg ~ (-1) mg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (19. 56) mg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) of Ndnau EU and D _ y, respectively. The content of La in tailings decreases gradually from north to south, while the distribution of EU increases from north to south, and the distribution of other rare earth elements is similar. From the northwest to the southeast, the tailings have a high content of rare earths in the southeastern tailings, which can be used for secondary mining. Other low-content slag can be used in industries such as building materials or catalyst development, etc.) the exchangeable rare earth elements in tailings are enriched in large quantities in the south, because the exchangeable rare earths have strong activity and are easily dissolved in Rain Water and washed by Rain Water. The rare earth elements are brought to the low terrain; the content of rare earth carbonate binding state is relatively uniform, but there is no obvious local content prominent phenomenon; the content of rare earth iron and manganese oxide bound state is relatively low in the northwest, On the east side of the tailings, there is no obvious distribution trend of the bound content of rare earth organics, the southeast orientation of the tailings is smaller than that of other regions, and there is obvious rare earth enrichment in the parts of the tailings. The content of rare earth residue gradually increases from west to east. The rare earth elements in tailings are easy to be released, absorbed by plants, and harmful to the growth of plants. At the same time, they also endanger the surrounding ecological environment. The pH value of tailings soil is between 3.75 and 5.57. The content of organic matter was only 2.50 mg / kg and the maximum value was 32.76 mg / kg. Through the spatial distribution simulation of residual leaching agent and its secondary biological data in tailings, it is found that the content of ammonium nitrogen in tailings is between 3.0 mg/kg and 7.0 mg/kg, and the change of content is relatively stable, and the spatial distribution of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen is compared. On the contrary, the nitrate content was higher in the lower ammonium content, lower sulfate content in the northwest and higher in the southwest and southeast. The vegetation restoration in the mining area suggested the establishment of legume, Masson pine and pteridophyte communities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD955

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本文編號：1559610