本文關(guān)鍵詞： 結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù) 實(shí)驗(yàn)研究 數(shù)值模擬 低貧化放礦 現(xiàn)行截止品位放礦 礦石損失和貧化　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自20世紀(jì)60年代無底柱分段崩落法引入我國以來,憑其安全性好,回采效率高、成本低等優(yōu)點(diǎn),已經(jīng)在我國地下金屬礦山廣泛應(yīng)用。但是該法存在一個(gè)較為嚴(yán)重的問題,也是困擾著采礦界專家學(xué)者的難題之一,即礦石貧化非常嚴(yán)重。產(chǎn)生礦石貧化的主要原因是放礦過程中礦巖直接接觸,造成廢石混入面大,混入機(jī)會(huì)多。如果不合理的控制廢石的混入,將造成礦山企業(yè)的一級(jí)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量下降,二級(jí)產(chǎn)品處理的費(fèi)用增加。采場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)組合的選擇合理與否也是影響礦石回收指標(biāo)的因素之一,合理的采場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)會(huì)給礦山帶來豐盈的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,相反,不合理的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)組合會(huì)增大采出礦石的貧化率,減小回收率等指標(biāo)。因此,為提高礦山企業(yè)總體經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,有必要對(duì)采場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化研究。本論文的課題是針對(duì)大紅山鐵礦礦石貧化損失嚴(yán)重,礦石回收率較低等問題而提出的,大紅山鐵礦一期采用20×20的大結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)之后,礦石損失貧化問題尤為突出。針對(duì)大紅山鐵礦這一問題展開如下研究:1、在實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行單體放礦實(shí)驗(yàn),采用單放礦口進(jìn)行放礦,由標(biāo)志顆粒放出的順序及達(dá)孔量繪制出放出體形態(tài),并對(duì)放出體進(jìn)行回歸擬合得出礦石散體流動(dòng)參數(shù):α=1.814;β=0.179;α1=1.535;β1=0.313;k=0.192,利用經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式法和散體流動(dòng)有效帶法初步確定大紅山鐵礦進(jìn)路間距為23.8m和崩礦步距為5.2～5.5m。2、采用正交試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)表L9(34)安排9組不同結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)組合的放礦方案,并采用多分段立體放礦模型進(jìn)行室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)放礦,實(shí)驗(yàn)礦巖取自于礦山取樣部,在放過過程中分別進(jìn)行低貧化和現(xiàn)行截止品位放礦,確定礦山放礦截止品位為18%,并初步得出當(dāng)分段高度為30m、進(jìn)路間距為25m或20m、崩礦步距為4.5～5.5m時(shí),礦石回收指標(biāo)取得較好。3、通過PFC計(jì)算機(jī)仿真模擬,分別建立不同結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)組合的放礦模型,放礦過程中,采用低貧化和截止品位礦兩種放礦方式嚴(yán)格控制放礦,當(dāng)放出礦石與廢石質(zhì)量之比達(dá)到設(shè)定截止條件時(shí),停止放礦,分別記錄放出礦巖球體個(gè)數(shù)并保存,然后對(duì)放出數(shù)據(jù)和結(jié)果進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,得出分段高度×進(jìn)路間距為30×25m的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)其放礦所得回貧指標(biāo)優(yōu)于30×20m。綜合分析對(duì)大紅山鐵礦進(jìn)行單體放礦、多分段立體放礦實(shí)驗(yàn)和數(shù)值模擬的研究結(jié)果,確定了礦山低貧化放礦方案,提出適宜大紅山鐵礦采場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)為:分段高度30m、進(jìn)路間距25m、崩礦步距5.2～5.5m、進(jìn)路巷道尺寸6.1×4.1m(寬×高)。
[Abstract]:Since its introduction into China in 1960s, the sublevel caving method without bottom pillar has been widely used in underground metal mines in China because of its advantages of good safety, high mining efficiency and low cost. However, there is a serious problem in this method. It is also one of the difficult problems for experts and scholars in mining industry, that is, ore dilution is very serious. The main reason for ore dilution is the direct contact of ore and rock during drawing, which results in a large mixing surface of waste rock. If the mixing of waste rock is controlled unreasonably, it will cause the first grade product quality of the mining enterprise to decline. The reasonable selection of stope structure parameters is also one of the factors that affect the ore recovery index. Reasonable stope structure parameters will bring abundant economic benefits to the mine, on the contrary, Unreasonable combination of structural parameters will increase the dilution rate of ore and reduce the recovery rate. Therefore, in order to improve the overall economic benefits of mining enterprises, It is necessary to optimize the structural parameters of stope. The subject of this paper is to solve the problems of serious ore dilution loss and low ore recovery rate in Dahongshan Iron Mine. After the large structural parameters of 20 脳 20 are adopted in the first phase of Dahongshan Iron Mine, The problem of ore loss and dilution is particularly prominent. In view of the problem of Dahongshan Iron Mine, the following research is carried out as follows: 1. Single ore drawing experiments are carried out in the laboratory, and single ore drawing ports are used for ore drawing. Drawing out the shape of the releasing body from the sequence of release of the mark particles and the volume of the reached pores, The flow parameters of ore pellets were obtained by regression fitting: 偽 1. 814; 尾 -0.179; 偽 1 + 1. 535; 尾 1 + 0. 313 ~ (13) K ~ (-1) 0.192.Using empirical formula method and effective zone method of bulk flow, it was preliminarily determined that the distance between the entry road of Dahongshan Iron Mine was 23.8m and the distance of caving step was 5.25.5m. 2, and the orthogonal design table L9N34) was used. To arrange 9 ore drawing schemes with different structural parameters, The laboratory ore drawing is carried out by using a multi-segmented stereoscopic drawing model. The experimental ore rock is taken from the sampling department of the mine, and in the process of release, the ore drawing is carried out respectively with low dilution and current cutoff grade. The cutoff grade of ore drawing is determined to be 18, and it is preliminarily concluded that when the sublevel height is 30m, the distance between entry routes is 25m or 20m, and the walking distance of caving ore is 4.5 ~ 5.5m, the ore recovery index is better. 3. The ore recovery index is simulated by PFC computer simulation. In the process of ore drawing, two kinds of drawing methods, low dilution and cut off grade ore, are adopted to strictly control the drawing, and when the ratio of the quality of the ore to the waste rock reaches the set cut-off condition, the ore drawing will be stopped. The number of pellets released from ore is recorded and preserved respectively, and then the data and results of the discharge are statistically analyzed. It is concluded that the structural parameters with sectional height 脳 path spacing of 30 脳 25m are better than 30 脳 20m in lean index of ore drawing. The results of comprehensive analysis of single ore drawing, multi-segment stereoscopic ore drawing experiment and numerical simulation of Dahongshan Iron Mine have been carried out. The low dilution drawing scheme of the mine is determined, and the structural parameters of the stope suitable for Dahongshan Iron Mine are proposed as follows: the sectional height is 30m, the distance between the entry roads is 25m, the walking distance of the caving is 5.2 ~ 5.5m, and the size of the entry roadway is 6.1 脳 4.1m (wide 脳 high).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD861.1

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