發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-28 06:09

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 黑云母 成因 溫壓計(jì) 花崗巖 堿度 西秦嶺　出處：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：西秦嶺造山帶是中國(guó)大陸中央造山帶的重要組成部分之一,沃爾給楔卡金礦位于西秦嶺造山帶的西段、力士山-圍擋山斷裂帶北側(cè),西土房—大槐溝斷裂帶近東西向橫穿礦區(qū)而過(guò)。本文通過(guò)甘肅省沃爾給楔卡金礦1:1萬(wàn)土壤地球化學(xué)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù),運(yùn)用R型聚類(lèi)分析方法對(duì)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了分析。結(jié)果顯示:8種元素可分為三類(lèi):第一類(lèi)為Sb、As、Au、Pb、Ag中低溫元素組合;第二類(lèi)為Cu、Zn中高溫元素組合;第三類(lèi)以Hg為代表的揮發(fā)性元素。根據(jù)單元素異常分布特征及元素組合異常,結(jié)合地層、巖性、構(gòu)造等有利控礦因素綜合圈定出3個(gè)找礦靶區(qū),分別為Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ號(hào)異常區(qū)。運(yùn)用系統(tǒng)核理論對(duì)該三個(gè)異常進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果認(rèn)為:Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ號(hào)異常區(qū)系統(tǒng)的核分別為{Au,Pb}、{Au}及{Cu},系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性強(qiáng),其中Ⅰ和Ⅱ號(hào)異常區(qū)經(jīng)鉆探和槽探等工程驗(yàn)證,礦化位置、規(guī)模與元素異常濃集中心位置吻合較好,說(shuō)明在這兩個(gè)異常區(qū)內(nèi),土壤地球化學(xué)測(cè)量所顯示的異常為礦致異常。對(duì)于核為{Cu}的Ⅲ號(hào)異常區(qū)系統(tǒng),認(rèn)為其屬于以Cu、Au為主要成礦元素的異常系統(tǒng)。土壤次生暈所顯示的異常分布區(qū)恰恰位于花崗質(zhì)巖侵入體內(nèi)部及其與碳酸鹽巖的接觸帶,暗示土壤次生暈所顯示的異常與花崗質(zhì)巖有關(guān)。本文選取位于礦區(qū)內(nèi)與成礦空間關(guān)系密切的花崗巖之黑云母為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)對(duì)其細(xì)致的巖相學(xué)觀察和其礦物成分原位分析,探討了黑云母的形成條件及其對(duì)成巖成礦的指示意義。根據(jù)黑云母的Fe~(2+)-Fe~(3+)-Mg~(2+)三角圖解及l(fā)ogfO_(2-)T圖解,估算其結(jié)晶時(shí)的氧逸度(logfO_2)變化范圍是10-11~10-13,結(jié)晶溫度約在670℃~715℃之間。依據(jù)黑云母全鋁壓力計(jì)公式計(jì)算所得成巖壓力為1.56~2.04kbar,相應(yīng)的侵位深度在5.91~7.72km之間。依據(jù)黑云母的TFeO-MgO-Al_2O_3組份圖解,認(rèn)為該花崗巖體屬于造山帶鈣堿性巖系,巖石成因與板塊俯沖作用有關(guān)。黑云母Fe~(2+)-Fe~(3+)-Mg~(2+)成分特點(diǎn)還顯示巖體具有幔源I型花崗巖特征。通過(guò)對(duì)研究區(qū)及國(guó)內(nèi)52個(gè)各類(lèi)礦床與成礦有關(guān)巖體中黑云母的主量元素化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)和分析,并進(jìn)行寄主巖石堿度判別。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):與Cu、Au成礦有關(guān)的巖體幾乎都位于高堿度區(qū)域內(nèi),而與Sn礦形成有關(guān)的巖體均屬于低堿度巖石系列。巖漿熔體早期至巖漿后期熱液階段,氧逸度的變化由高到低、介質(zhì)的堿度逐漸增強(qiáng),Cu、Au礦床的形成大致經(jīng)歷這樣的成巖成礦過(guò)程。巖漿結(jié)晶過(guò)程早期低氧逸度、高堿度有利于Sn的活化遷移,巖漿期后熱液階段的高氧逸度、低堿度有利于錫石的沉淀,但是由于錫石沉淀過(guò)程中不斷消耗O_2,而致使其較高的氧逸度顯著降低。堿度與氧逸度之間的相互作用、相互影響進(jìn)而引起礦化的發(fā)生。本區(qū)的花崗質(zhì)巖體由于具有幔源混入的I型花崗巖成因類(lèi)型特征,結(jié)合區(qū)域地質(zhì)背景,可能形成于板內(nèi)疊覆造山環(huán)境下,其黑云母成分特點(diǎn)與華南同熔型花崗巖類(lèi)大體一致。巖體結(jié)晶在較高的氧逸度(logf O_2NiNiO+1)環(huán)境,因此對(duì)于金、銅等親硫元素的遷移和富集十分有利。本區(qū)具有金、銅成礦潛力。
[Abstract]:The western Qinling Mountains orogenic belt is one of the most important part of the Central Orogenic Belt, China, wall to wedge card gold deposit is located in the western Qinling Mountains orogenic belt of the west, Alex Hill - Wai Shan fault zone on the north side block, West Real - Huai ditch fault zone near East-West across the mining area and Gansu province. This paper gave wal card gold wedge 1:1 000 soil geochemical survey data, using the R cluster analysis on the measurement data are analyzed. The results showed that 8 kinds of elements can be divided into three categories: the first category is Sb, As, Au, Pb, Ag in low temperature elements; the second class is Cu, high temperature Zn element in combination; volatile elements third the class represented by Hg. According to the lithologic anomaly distribution and elements of single element composite anomalies, combined with the formation, structure, and other favorable ore controlling factors comprehensive delineated 3 prospecting target area, respectively, for I, II and III anomaly area. Using the system theory of the nuclear abnormal three The evaluation result showed that I, II and III anomaly system for nuclear were {Au, Pb}, {Au} and {Cu}, the stability of the system, in which I and II anomaly area by drilling and trenching engineering verification, mineralization location, size and element anomaly concentration center positions agree well with that in the two anomaly area in the soil geochemical survey shows abnormal ore caused anomaly. As for the nuclear III anomaly area {Cu} system, think it belongs to Cu, Au for the abnormal system of main ore-forming elements. Soil secondary halo shows on the abnormal distribution area is located in the granitic intrusive rocks and carbonate rocks and body contact with hints about anomalies and granitic rock soil secondary halo shows. This selection is located within the mining area and mineralization in close spatial relationship of biotite granite as the research object, through the detailed petrographic observations and the mineral composition of the original An analysis, explore the formation conditions of biotite and its significance for mineralization. The biotite Fe~ (2+) -Fe~ (3+) -Mg~ (2+) and logfO_ (2-) triangular diagram T diagram, estimate the crystallization in the oxygen fugacity (logfO_2) in the range of 10-11~10-13, the crystallization temperature between about 670 DEG ~715 DEG. On the basis of biotite geobarometer calculated diagenetic pressure of 1.56~2.04kbar, depth of emplacement of the corresponding 5.91~7.72km. On the basis of the biotite TFeO-MgO-Al_2O_3 component diagram, that the granites belong to calc alkaline rocks in orogenic belt, petrogenesis associated with subduction of biotite. Fe~ (2+) -Fe~ (3+) -Mg~ (2+) also showed the composition characteristics of rock mass has the characteristics of mantle derived I type granite. Through statistical analysis of the study area and biotite domestic 52 kinds of ore deposits related to mineralization in the rock mass of main elements of chemical composition, and host Rock identification. The results showed that the alkalinity and Cu, Au rock related to mineralization are almost located in the high alkalinity region, and the formation of the rock mass are low alkalinity rock series and Sn ore magma melt. The early to late magmatic hydrothermal stage, the oxygen fugacity changes from high to low, medium alkalinity gradually increased. Cu, the formation of Au deposits experienced diagenesis and mineralization process. Early magmatic crystallization process under the low oxygen fugacity, high alkalinity activation and migration for Sn, post magmatic hydrothermal stage high oxygen fugacity, conducive to cassiterite precipitation and low alkalinity, but due to the consumption of O_2 tin stone precipitation process, and the higher the oxygen fugacity decreased significantly. The interaction between the basicity and oxygen fugacity, mutual influence and cause the occurrence of mineralization in this area. The granitic rocks due to formation of I type granite type mantle mixed characteristics, combined with regional geological background That may be formed in the plate superposition orogeny environment, the biotite composition characteristics of Southern China and the same type of granite typemelting generally consistent. The rock mass crystallization at higher oxygen fugacity (logf O_2NiNiO+1), so for the gold, copper migration and enrichment of sulphophile elements is very favorable. This area has the gold, copper metallogenic potential.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P588.121;P612

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